350 



THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 



FOR SALE— Three Banded Italian 

 Queens, bred from the best honey 

 gathering strains that are also hardy and 

 gentle. Untested queens 75c; six $4.25; 

 12, $8.00; tested $1.25; six $7.00; 12, 

 $12.00. For select queens add 25c each 

 to above prices. Breeding queens $3.00 

 to $5.00 each. For queens in larger 

 quantities write for prices. ROBT. B. 

 SPICER, Wharton, N. J. 



PURE ITALIAN QUEENS June to 

 October, mothers chosen from 150 col- 

 onies whose bees are most noted for 

 hardiness gentleness and honey gath- 

 ering. Drones as well as queens are 

 pedigreed from the best queens obtained 

 from a dozen different breeders of high 

 repute. 



1 Queen 75 



1 doz $7.20 



4 doz. or more 50 cents each 



J. H. HAUGHEY, Berrien Springs, 

 Mich. 



Try our Classified Department and 

 get results. 



nnff-^^'^^'"^^' ^^- Y.— We are having 

 quite strong demand for honey now 

 with light receipts yet as it is early. 

 vye_ strongly advise beekeepers to get 

 their crop ready as soon as possible, 

 not waiting for full crop before mar- 

 keting as the early season sales when 

 receipts are light are always better 

 than a month or two later when all 

 are rushing to market. Extra white 

 comb sels at 17-18. Good 16, medium 

 15c Dark and B. W. 14. Extracted very 

 dull. 



ResDectfullv. 

 A»&- 7 H. R. WRIGHT. 



CHICAGO — Comb Honev of the crop 

 of 1914 is selling on this market at 

 15c per pound for the best grades of 

 white; one fancy lot of Alsike and 

 White Clover sold at 16c. The ambers 

 bi-ing from 10c to 14c. Extracted White 

 sells at 7c to 9c. Extracted Amber sells 

 as 6c to 8c. Prices being governed by 

 kind, quality, flavor and package. Bee.s"- 

 wax sells at 35c if free from im- 

 purities. 

 Aug. ISth. R. A. BURNETT & CO. 



rhe Temperature of Honey- 

 Bee Cluster in Winter 



By E. F. PHILLIPS, Ph. 



Continued from page 323 



which were less than 4 % inches 

 apart on the same level in the same 

 space between combs, and a differ- 

 ence of 75° F. between this couple 



and the bottom board 4 i/i inches 

 below it. What this difference 

 might sometimes be in colder cli- 

 mates may be imagined. Examples 

 of this kind might be multiplied 

 indefinitely from the records of 

 these experiments. 



The source of the heat of the 

 cluster must, of course, be the oxi- 

 dation of the food consumed by the 

 bees. The bee is classed as a 

 cold-blood animal in that the tem- 

 perature of the individual bee is 

 practically that of the surrounding 

 medium. There is obviously, from 

 the records just given, no internal 

 regulation of the temperature of 

 the body such as is found in birds 

 and mammals, for the temperature 

 of a broodless cluster varies greatly. 

 From the observations made of 

 the various colonies, especially Col- 

 ony C, it is clear that heat for 

 the warming of the cluster is pro- 

 duced by muscular activity. While, 

 of course, some heat is doubtless 

 liberated by other life processes, 

 this is practically negligible when 

 bees are quiet, as in Colony A when 

 above 57° F. That higher temper- 

 atures may be produced, greatly 

 increased muscular activity is re- 

 quired, and in Colony C in cold 

 weather bees in the center of the 

 shell of insulating bees were seen 

 fanning vigorously and executing 

 other movements, such as shaking 

 and rapid respiration. We thus 

 have the paradoxical condition that 

 bees fan to heat the cluster in win- 

 ter as well as to cool the hive in 

 summer. Observation of this kind 

 were repeated beyond number, and 

 this theory of the method of heat 

 production is entirely supported by 

 the repeated observation of a hum- 

 ming noise from the cluster dur- 

 ing cold weather. 



A few details of the observations 

 on Colony C may be of interest. 

 For example one bee was observed 

 fanning vigorously for 7 Vz minutes 

 (9.53 to 10.001/2 a. m. January 23) 

 while the other bees kept a space 

 cleared for it. The temperature of 

 the nearest thermometer rose V2° 

 F. during this time. At 9:52 this 

 thermometer was almost a degree 

 cooler than at the time of greatest 

 heat during the fanning. The ra- 



THE BEEWARE BRAND 



MEANS SUCCESS ^^""^ '°'' Annual Catalog which will tell 



. , _ »i #» I- y°" w''° '* your nearest Distributer. 



INSURANCE G. B. Lewis Company, Watertown, Wis. 



