The Canadian Horticulturist. 



39 



be a little more troublesome in the matter of summer tying, it has, in other 

 ways, every advantage. For winter protection, it is best because the main 

 arms are so near the ground that they may be easily loosened, and laid 

 down ; for fruit bearing, it is best because the horizontal is the best 

 position for bearing wood, and because the latter is thus kept near to the 

 roots, the source of nourishment ; and for the shapely appearance of the 

 vineyard as it increases in age, this mode is also best, for evident reasons. 

 Mr. Thos. Beall, of Lindsay, says he has employed, with much success, a 

 modification of this system, using only one arm instead of two, as shown in 

 Fig. 15, in which only one arm is grown instead of two, in which case, of 

 course, it may grow seven or eight feet long instead of four. He claims 



Fig. 15. 



that, in this way, the vine is much easier laid down for winter protec- 

 tion, and therefore this mode is better, at least for colder sections. 



The two-arm method of grape pruning was well described at our 

 Windsor Meeting, in a practical manual, by Mr. O. Neill, and his address will 

 appear in the Annual Report for 1890. We will give here, in advance, the 

 following six principles, which, in his opinion, should govern all systems of 

 grape pruning : 



"Any correct system of pruning the vine must accommodate itself to the 

 following observed facts : 



(i) The growth tends to divide itself among many small and weak stems. 



(2) There is a strong tendency to develop the highest buds. 



(3) Other things being equal, the most vigorous bhds are found neither at the base nor 

 at the top of the cane, but midway. 



(4) A short bend in the cane tends to develop the buds just above the bend. 



(5) The destruction of the terminal bud during the growing season checks the growth 

 in length, but hastens the maturity and development of all the tissues and buds below it, 

 the effect decreasing with the distance from the terminal bud. 



(6) A strong growth in one cane arrests the growth and development of the other canes." 



