i66 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



Experiment Station, at Ithaca, Wisconsin, under the direction ot the 

 Department. The season being a favorable one for the growth of the 

 fungus, a fair test was made. 



Several fungicides were tried, of which the chief and most useful in the 

 order named were eau celeste, ammoniacal solution of copper carbonate, 

 and hyposulphite of soda. The varieties treated were Northern Spy and 

 Fameuse, because these had shown themselves specially subject to the scab. 

 The copper carbonate was prepared thus : — three ounces of copper car- 

 bonate dissolved in one quart of ammonia, and the whole diluted to twenty- 

 two gallons ; but twenty-eight gallons is advised instead of twenty-two. The 

 eau celeste was prepared thus : — two pounds copper sulphate dissolved, mix 

 and dilute to twenty-two gallons, adding one-and-one-half pints of ammonia 

 before using. 



The application was repeated seven times, beginning about May i8th, 

 at an expense, including labor, of from about twenty-five to sixty cents per 

 tree, the eau celeste being the most expensive. 



As a result, the scab was very noticeably less on the trees sprayed with 

 copper solution. The trees sprayed with eau celeste gave sixty-eight per 

 cent, of fruit entirely free from scab, while those untreated gave only twelve 

 per cent. Nearly as good results were obtained with the ammoniacal copper 

 carbonate, and both were superior to the hyposulphite. 



We quote the closing paragraphs in full : — " Besides the tabulated results 

 there were others which are of great importance, but can not be estimated 

 in exact figures. A scabby apple is much smaller than a healthy one, and 

 in many cases, while the apples could not be placed in class one, the 

 scab had so been held in check that the fruit had obtained a greater size 

 than it otherwise would. Professor Taft gives the difference in weight 

 between perfect and scabby fruits as varying from -036 to -002 pounds for 

 each apple, and says the scabby apples are ten per cent, smaller than the 

 perfect ones, making a difference of nearly a bushel per tree in size alone, 

 besides the fact that the apples that are badly scabbed are unmarketable. 

 From the combined effect of the two causes," he says, " we lost on some 

 trees a barrel of apples." 



The cost of the chemicals and labor expended varied but slightly in the 

 two cases, but both gentlemen were obliged to buy chemicals in small 

 amounts, and the cost per tree would be greatly lessened by treating a large 

 orchard and buying materials in quantity. Prof. Taft used large trees 

 requiring three gallons each for each application, while Prof. Goff used three 

 gallons for the two trees, but Prof. Goff estimates the labor higher than 

 Prof. Taft, and this makes the figures nearly alike. Both these estimates, 

 however, are for seven applications. In an average season, and with the 

 copper solutions, four or at most five applications probably will be sufficient. 

 . It is likely that in a large orchard with average-sized trees, when the 



