The Canadian Horticulturist. 167 



chemicals were purchased by the quantity, the expense could be reduced 

 nearly one-half. The expense of the ammoniacal solution in particular 

 would be reduced by purchasing the copper carbonate instead of preparing 

 it from the sulphate. 



In Mr. GofTs calculations the cost for labor in making the treatment 

 amounts to more than half the expense. 



It seems probable that it would be profitable to make the first application 

 earlier than was done this year, and there is no reason why this application, 

 or the next, should not be combined with London Purple or some other 

 insecticide, and the tree protected from insects and fungus at the same time. 

 Mr. Hatch closes his report thus ; — 



" What we now need is to determme the correct amount of the 

 copper mixture to use, the times best suited to its application, and what 

 combinations to make with insecticides, and a new era in fruit culture will 

 be inaugurated." 



INSECTICIDES. 



JN Bulletin 58, of the Michigan Experiment Station, Prof, Cook gives a 

 review of the various insecticides, from which we draw the following 

 matter as being of service at thisi season. For bugs, plant and scale 

 lice, the kerosene emulsion is highly valued as it kills by contact. His way 

 of preparing it is as follows : " Mix one quart of soft soap or one quarter of 

 hard soap with one or two quarts of boiling water, and as soon as the soap 

 is all dissolved, stir in while hot one pint of kerosene oil ; stir violently until 

 permanently mixed. When ready to use this, stir in enough water to make 

 fifteen pints in all." 



The Persian Insect Powder may be sifted on the plants or applied mixed 

 with water, a heaping tablespoonful to two gallons of the liquid. This also 

 kills by contact and not by being eaten, and is recommended because it is 

 non-poisonous to man and the higher animals. Nothing is better than this 

 for destroying the cabbage caterpillar, pear and cherry tree slugs and plant 

 lice, but for the latter the kerosene emulsion is more satisfactory. 



A tobacco decoction is also valuable. This may be made from refuse 

 powder, or stems, and a pound of the tobacco to two or three gallons of 

 water, makes a very effective decoction. Turn boiling water on to the 

 tobacco ; when cool strain out the tobacco, and the decoction is ready for 

 use. This is very effective against the striped flea-beetle, and the cucumber 

 flea-beetle. 



Carbolic Acid Emulsion. This is highly recommended as a valuable 

 compound for the fruit grower. It is made the same as the kerosene emul- 



