2o6 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



thorough spraying. As four or five treatments will be needed for a thorough 

 application of the remedy, the amount of the materials required for any 

 given orchard may be readily computed. 



The best formula that can be given in the present state of our knowledge 

 is to dissolve one ounce of the copper carbonate in one quart of ammonia, 

 and dilute this, when ready to commence the application, with twenty-five 

 gallons of water. 



WHEN TO MAKE THE APPLICATIONS. 



In the experiments made the past season in Mr. Hatch's orchard the 

 first application was made after the petals of the flowers had fallen, and 

 when the young apples were slightly larger than peas. But it is the opinion 

 of Mr. Hatch and myself that one spraying before the flowers had opened 

 would have proved beneficial. I would recommend, therefore, one treat- 

 ment just before the flowers open, a second after the petals have entirely 

 fallen, and others at intervals of two or three weeks until midsummer, or 

 after, if the latter part of Summer should be wet. 



APPARATUS FOR SPRAYING. 



For applying the liquid to the trees, a force-pump, to which is attached 

 a few feet of hose, fitted at the end with a spraying nozzle, will be needed. 

 Excellent pumps are now made by the larger manufacturers expressly for 

 spraying purposes, fitted with all necessary attachments, and costing $io 

 and upwards. Smaller pumps, which would answer fairly well for a few 

 trees, may be had at from $2 to $10 each. 



The same pump which is used for treating the trees for the apple scab 

 may, of course, be used for applying poisons for the codling moth and other 

 insects. Unfortunately it will not be prudent to add the copper carbonate 

 solution to the same water that is used in applying Paris green or London 

 purple, as the ammonia renders the arsenic more or less soluble, and thus 

 the latter would be liable to injure the foliage. But if applied a few hours 

 in advance of the water containing the arsenites, no harm can result from 

 this source. 



SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER EXPERIMENTS. 



The time at which the applications should commence, the number that 

 should be made and the amount of copper carbonate to be used to accom- 

 plish the greatest benefit at the least cost, remain to be settled by 

 experiment. 



The most practical remedy for the apple scab must be one that may be 

 applied in the same water with Paris green or London purple without 

 thereby endangering the foliage. It is the opinion of our station chemist. 

 Dr. Babcockjthat not only the ammoniacal copper carbonate, but the sodium 



