358 The Canadian Horticulturist. 



they judge of the future size from the specimens in hand, the largest being selected 

 for centres of groups or back-grounds of belts. A few years, however, are only 

 required to develop and show errors, and the tall, slim Arbor-vitse or Irish Juniper 

 of to-day is soon over-topped by the stocky Norway or Hemlock Spruce. Plant- 

 ing ornamental trees is a work requiring some forethought, as it is not altogether 

 for the present immediate effect that it is done, but for time far distant, and one 

 needs to have the future form, size, and general appearance of the trees in his 

 mind's eye at the beginning, if he would avoid making blunders that never can be 

 corrected. It requires a practical and intimate acquaintance with all the trees 

 used in forming groups, not only as they appear in their native forests, but when 

 cultivated, for some show the effects of culture differently from others. — F. 



THE SWEET CHESTNUT. 



^^IR: — Seeing an article on the Sweet Chestnut in October issue, the foUow- 

 (^^ mg may be interesting: " Rows of American Sweet Chestnuts one-year seed- 

 lings, set out in nursery rows fall of 1882 were thinned out, some in 1884 

 and 1885, but left quite thick, now touching each other in places. In the fall of 

 1886 good specimens of fruit were picked and in the fall of 1887 the trees were 

 loaded. Trees have been cultivated more or less each year, no fertilizer, aside 

 from common application. Spanish Chestnut, ten years planted, produces burrs 

 but does not bring any fruit to perfection, owing to need of other tree or trees to 

 fertilize the blossoms. 



Rochester, N.Y. CHAS. A. GREEN. 





il^e N^c^etaLIe Garden )}^ 



THE CABBAGE APHIS. 



K ^ EXT to the cabbage worm, the worst insect enemy of the cabbage, is the aphis, 

 f~\ \ or plant-louse, which is so often found upon the leaves and in the heads in 

 great numbers. This is a small, bluish-white insect, that subsists upon the 

 sap of the plant, and multiplies with great rapidity. Like most of the peculiar 

 family to which it belongs, this insect has the power,* not common among insects, 

 of bringing forth living young, but with most of those that have been carefully 

 studied there is in the fall a sexual generation by which the true eggs are laid, and 

 in this egg state most of them pass the winter. But although the cabbage aphis 

 has been known both in Europe and America for more than a century, the sexual 

 generation has never heretofore been found, and entomologists did not know 

 where or when the eggs were 'laid, nor how the insect passed the winter. Recent 



