The Canadian Horticulturist. 201 



be honest in fruit growing and packing, for the sHghtest trickery is detected 

 instantly b> the shrewd buyer, and he promptly knocks off enough from the 

 price to protect himself, and the grower has to stand it. — R. Morrill, before 

 West Michigan Fruit Growers. 



CARE OF THE VINEYARD. 



S the weather becomes warm, vines will grow very fast and should be 

 tied up and pinched back promptly, or they will soon become a con- 

 fused and unmanageable mass. 



The most vigorous canes, those that start near the lower wire, 

 should be selected for fruiting canes next season, and pinched off at 

 about twenty inches in length. These canes will then throw out new 

 shoots or laterals, which will be shorter-jointed and better than if not pinched at 

 all. They should be tied up carefully to the upper part of the trellis and allowed 

 to grow unchecked. All suckers and feeble fruiting shoots should be removed 

 to give more vigor to those remaining, and so produce larger and better bunches. 

 Strong, rampant shoots that are bearing should be pinched off beyond the last 

 bunch of fruit. Very weak shoots do not require pinching back at any time. 

 The remedy for such is short spring pruning. 



If vines have been properly pruned and trained, more fruit will be set than 

 should be permitted to mature, therefore all imperfect and small bunches should 

 be removed and this will improve what is left and give finer fruit. Never allow 

 vines to overbear, as this is the main cause of grape failure. Vines that once 

 overbear, will not soon, if ever, recover. It is an old and true maxim that 

 haste makes waste. 



Cultivate and keep the vineyard clear from weeds by frequent plowing and 

 hoeing. No fruit suffers so much from neglect as the grape, and none rewards 

 so bountifully for extra care and cultivation. In fact fine grapes of high quality 

 can only be raised on a suitable location with high cultivation. The difference 

 in location on similar soil not two miles apart often amounts to 25 per cent, 

 difference in the quantity of sugar the grape contains, which is the standard of 

 excellency. No other fruit shows this great difference ; and this is the reason 

 so few succeed in growing fine grapes. — Orchard and Garden. 



Value of Muck. — Every owner of a swamp should realize the fact that a 

 ton of tlve air-dried muck may be worth from three to five dollars for its fertil- 

 izing value, as estimated for its nitrogen alone and as compared with the same 

 element in artificial fertilizers. Those who have used it as a litter in stables have 

 found each ton of it to double the value of the manure. Thus it becomes to 

 the owner worth precisely as much as the manure. — Southern Floral Magazine. 



