HOOD RIVEE-WHTTE SALMON RIVER AREA. 



41 



The following table gives the results of a meclianical analysis of a 

 sample of the soil of this type: 



Mechanical analysis of Winans gravelly sai^dy loam. 



WINANS LOAM. 



The texture of the soil of this type shows a wide variation, not 

 only between the different bodies but also wdtliin narrow Ihiiits in 

 each body, and the type as mapped includes small areas of sandy 

 loam and of light clay loam texture. The prevaUhig soil, however, 

 Ls a fine, smooth, slightly sticky loam. The color of the soil and 

 subsoil is also subject to considerable variation, but is typically 

 grayish brown to reddish brown. Waterworn basaltic gravel may 

 or may not be present m the type, and where encountered it is most 

 abundant m the subsoU. The subsoil is general!}^ similar in texture 

 and structure to the surface soil and of shghtly lighter color. It is 

 underlam by a stratum of waterworn, stream-deposited gravels. 



The surface of this type is smooth, slopmg, and broken only by 

 the present streams and by a few swales that indicate the courses 

 of former drainage ways. In general the type is lower than the 

 surrounding soils, from which it is usually separated by an abrupt 

 terrace, 10 feet or more in height. On account of the low position of 

 the larger bodies of this soil, di-amage is commonly deficient. Small 

 areas of the soil are occasionally overflowed. 



The principal areas of the Winans loam are long, narrow stri])s 

 occupymg the bottoms along Neal, Odell, and Phelps Creeks and 

 the East Fork of Hood River in the Hood River Valley. One small 

 body occupies stream terraces in the vicinity of Ilusum in the Wliitc 

 Salmon River Valley. A part of this area forms a somewhat higher 

 terrace than do the typical areas, and the soil has a dark-brown color 

 and a much heavier" texture. 



The soil is alluvial and of rather recent origin, having been deposited 

 by the earlier activities of the present streams. The material com- 

 posing it has been derived from the mountain slopes, where the 

 Underwood loam is the prevailing type of soil. 



The native vegetation, which included hi', pine, cedar, and decid- 

 uous trees and brush, has been largely removed and the land devoted 

 to forage and orchard crops. The pear has been most generally 

 planted on this soil. Although this fruit will withstand rather 

 adverse conditions, the high moisture content" of this soil and the 



