EQUIPMENTS. 27 



ward as will admit of the free use of the 

 shoulders. 



The stirrups should be roomy, with a 

 broad tread, and of medium weight. The 

 holes of the leathers should be punched 

 to correspond, and numbered. The leath- 

 ers should be attached to the saddle by a 

 spring-bar; the bar that works upon a 

 hinge is the best. 



Bits and Martingales, 



There is no combination-bit that will 

 supply the place of the "curb and snaffle" 

 of the double bridle. The effects of both 

 of these are required in schooling and in 

 riding the horse. And, although they are 

 never to be used simultaneously, the action 

 of one must often follow that of the other 



