ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTION. 43 



Explanations. — 1 — The occiput, or that part of the skull whicli forms 

 the hind part of the head. 2 — The cerebellum, or hinder and smaller di- 

 rision of the brain. 3 — The cerebrum, or front and larger division of 

 the brain. 4 — The nasal membrane, or cartilage between the nostrils. 

 5 — The tongue. 6, (5 — Joints of the neck bone, 7, 7, 7, 7 — The spinal 

 cord, or marrow. 8 — The pharynx, or ou^dtj bounded by the membrane- 

 ous and muscular walls beneath the l)a.sc of the skull, into which the 

 nose and mouth both open, and which is continuous below the oesophagus. 

 9, 9, 9 — The oesophagus, or passage through which food and drink go 

 into the stomach. 10 — The orifice of the stomach passing through the 

 diaphragm. 11 — The pylorus, or the orifice of the stomach through which 

 the food passes into the intestines. 12, 12 — The hinder surface of the 

 diaphragm, or membrane which separates the stomach and bowels from 

 the heart and lungs. 13, 13 — The trachea, or windpipe. 14 — The lungs. 

 15 — The heart, a — The stomach, b — The spleen, or milt, c — The left 

 kidney, d — The broad ligament of the uterus or womb, with the left por- 

 tion, and the ovary or that part which contains the seed displayed, e — The 

 rectum, or terminal portion of the large intestines, f — The anus, g, h, 

 i, j, k, 1 — Internal muscles of the thigh. 



Tig. 3. Vertical Section of Horse's Head. 



TKis cut illustrates still more fully the structure of the head and it* 

 contents, a — The frontal bone, showing sinus or channel beneath, b— - 

 The parietal or wall bone, covering the brain, c — The nose bone, d — 

 The occipital or back head bone, e, e~-The Atlas, or first bone of the 

 neck, showing the spinal marrow in its center. f~The ethmoid or sieve- 

 like bone, through which the^lfactory or nerve of smelling passes, g — 

 The sphenoid or wedge-like bone, which, with the ethmoid, supports the 

 base of the brain, h — Part of the lower maxillary or jaw bones, with 

 the lower incisor teeth . 1 — The cerebrum , or large brain . 2 . — The cere- 

 bellum, or small brain. 3 — The medulla oblongata, or upper portion of 



