178 ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 



windpipe like a cock's wattle, is the worst possible form ; and horses so 

 made almost invariably throw up their heads at a pull, and the most excep-. 

 tionable of brutes, regular star-gazers. The head should be rather small, 

 bon}-^, not beefy, in the jowl ; broad between the eyes, and rather concave, 

 or what is called basin-faced, than Roman-nosed, between the eyes and 

 nostrils. The ears should be tine, small and pointed ; the eyes large, 

 clear and prominent, and the nostrils wide and well opened. A horse so 

 framed cannot fail, if free from physical defects, constitutional disease 

 and vice, to be a good one for any purpose — degree of strength, light- 

 ness and speed being weighed in accordance with the purpose for which 

 he is desired." 



VI. What Constitutes TJnsoimdness. 



1. — Spavin, whether it be bog spavin, blood spavin or bone spavin, 

 when sufficiently developed to be known. 



2. — Ossification of any of the structures adjacent to any of the joints 

 and also without doubt ossification of the lateral cartilages. 



3. — Corns are considered as constituting unsoundness, but they must 

 be discovered Avithin a short time, say a few days of the purchase. 



4. — Curbs constitute unsoundness, but they must be shown to exist 

 at the time of the sale. 



5. — Founder or Laminitis, is unsoundness whether it produces lame- 

 ness or not, for if it has existed the laminae will have been injured and 

 the horse will be lame when worked. 



6. — Pumiced Foot is unsoundness as evidence of laminitis. 



7. — Quittor may render the horse permanently unsound. 



8. — Ring-bones and side-bones constitute unsoundness. 



9. — A Nerved Horso, is unsound as showing the existence of disease 

 for which the operation was performed, and also from the division of 

 the nerves. 



10. — String-Halt is unsoundness. 



11. — Thrush is so when severe. 



12. — Breaking down, even though the horse has recovered so as not 

 to go lame. 



13. — Thickening of the Back Sinews, or suspensory ligament, if known 

 to exist, is unsoundness. 



14. — Broken Wind, Thick Wind, Whistling and Roaring are all con- 

 si Jered as constituting unsoundness, as forming impediments in breatb- 

 ^ Y,-, injuring the animal for drawing or other active service. 



15. — Farcy and Glanders. 



16. — Grease and Mange. 



