2flS' ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 



This may be regarded as an almost conclusive test. The membrane ot 

 the nose will now be found of either a dark purplish hue or a leaden 

 color — the latter, unless there is some of the redness of inflammation; 

 and ulcers will probably appear upon the membrane, usually approaching 

 to a circular form, and deep, with abrupt and prominent edges. When 

 these appear there can be no further doubt, but care must be taken tc 

 know that they are not spots of mucous. To this end, try whether they 

 may be brushed away. Notice particularly, too, that the orifice of the 

 duct which connects with the tear glands is just within the nostril, and 

 on the inner side of it ; otherwise, this, if foul, may be mistaken for an 

 ulcer. This orifice may be readily distinguished from an ulcer by 

 observing that it is on the continuation of the common skin, while the 

 glanderous ulcers are on the membrane of the nose. 



When these ulcers begin to be visible, the general condition of the 

 animal soon shows signs of change ; his coat seems dead and staring, the 

 hair coming off easily ; his appetite is impaired ; he loses flesh ; his belly 

 contracts ; he grows more and more debilitated ; there is more or less 

 cough ; the discharge increases in quantity, and its increased poisonous 

 character causes it to remove the hair where it flows, while it seems 

 tinged with blood, and is offensive to the smell. 



In the third stage the ulcers have become larger and more numerous ; 

 And upon placing the ear to the horse's chest, a grating, choking noise 

 will be heard at every act of breathing. The air passages being obstructed, 

 every breath is drawn with difficulty. The skin of the forehead will be 

 found somewhat thickened, swelled, and peculiarly tender ; the membrane 

 lining the frontal openings of the nose will be not only ulcerated but 

 evidently inflamed ; the discharges are increased and become more sticky 

 and of darker color, though still somewhat flecked with blood. The 

 absorbents become more and more involved ; it seems now that general 

 ulceration has set in • and the additional symptoms are henceforth those 

 of farcy. 



To i)revent its being mistaken in its earlier stages for strangles, which 

 is sometimes done, the following directions will suffice : 



Strangles is peculiar to young horses, and at the outset resembles cold 

 with some fever and sore throat, accompanied generally by distressing 

 cough and some wheezing. The enlargement which sometimes appear* 

 beneath the jaw in strangles is not a single small gland, but a swelling 

 of the whole substance between the jaws, growing harder toward the 

 center, and at length, if the disease runs on, breaking. In strangles th« 

 membranes of the nose will be very red, and the discharge from the 

 ttostrils profuse and mattery almost from the first. When the tumor has 

 ^UJ'st, the fever will abate and the horse will speedily get well. 



