THE HORSE, ITS DISEASES. 4Si 



rary cause, the water of the eyes flow over the face as shown in the 

 subjoined cut. 



Occasionally, however, the duct becomes per- 

 manently closed. The usual remedy is to swab 

 the nostrils where the duct enters with weak to- 

 bacco water and afterwards with clear water. 



If this do not effect a cure after two or three 

 trials, the duct must be opened with a probe. 



The duct commences by minute openings near 

 the terminations of the upper and lower lids at the 



£ M-t Ti- J. j-l. OBSTRUCTION OF LACHRYHAJ. 



inner corner of the eye. It comes out upon the gland. 



dark skin which lines the commencement of the 

 nostrils, lying on the inner membrane. 



A delicately thin elastic probe must be used, and about twelve inches 

 long, the horse being cast and securely fastened. It may be necessary 

 to introduce the probe both from the corner of the eye and from the 

 nostril. Next charge a fine pointed syringe with tepid water and placing 

 the point into the nasal termination of the duct, force the water through. 

 The operation should only be performed by a surgeon. 



XI. Gutta Serena. 



This is sometimes called glass eye, incorrectly, however, as the term is 

 understood in the West and South. In glass eye, as understood there, 

 the pupil is sound and perfect, the iris distinct and natural, but has a 

 white ring around the cornea. It may injure the sale of a horse, but 

 simply from the singular expression it gives the eye of the animal. 



True gutta serena, or Amaurosis, is palsy of the nerve of sight, or of 

 the nervous expansion called the retina, and due to functional and organic 

 disease of the optic nerve. In the early stages of the disease it may 

 sometimes be relieved, but is likely to occur again. In the later stages 

 it is incurable. 



Causes- — Congestion, tumors, dropsy or other diseases of the brain. 

 Also by injury to the nerve of sight, by pressure or other cause, from 

 inflammation, excess of light, and may be symptomatic, from indigestion 

 or during gestation. 



How to know it. — In the early stages the insensibility of sight may be 

 only partial ; the pupil will be unnaturally large ; upon closing the lids 

 of the eyes, and opening them in a strong light, there will be little or no 

 variation in the pupil ; the eyes will be unnaturally clear from extreme 

 dilatation ; the animal vnW be partially or totally blind, as shown by high 

 stepping and failure to flinch when the fingers are suddenly pointed close 



