148 ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 



cuttino' be extensive enouorh to warrant it close with stitches, cover witli 

 lint steeped in oil to which a little carbolic acid is added. If healing do 

 not progress satisfactorily, that is if the granulations at the edges do not 

 contract fast enough, stimulate by washing with tincture of aloes and 

 myrrh. So far as this cutting and scarifying is concerned it should be 

 done by a surgeon. If this cannot be done, open the fistulas clear to th» 

 bottom and wash out once a day with the following : 



No. 187. Ji Ounce sulphate of zinc, 



>i Ounce sulphate of copper, 



1 Ounce solution of sub-acetate of lead, 



6 Ounces pyroligeous acid, (or better, white wine vinegar). 



To one part of this use ten parts of water, and inject with force from 

 a syringe once a day for two weeks if necessary. 



XI. Inflammation of the Knee-joint. 



Inflammation of the knee or other joints may occur in all stages, from 

 the most simple form to those most violent, with ulceration, and the 

 formation of destructive abscesses. 



Causes. — Jarring on hard roads ; various injuries, such as bruises, 

 strains, etc. 



How to know it. — In light cases the horse in starting forward will do 

 so from the knee and with pain. There will be excessive flinching if the 

 knee is extended by force. The animal stands square on his feet, and 

 without inclination to raise the heel. In walking he takes a fair step, but 

 carries the knee joint as much without bending as possible, and in putting 

 down his foot exerts the greatest pressure on the heel. 



What to do. — Take off the shoes. Treat the inflammation as directed 

 in other cases ; first by hot water embrocations perseveringly applied, 

 using laudanum as directed if necessary to relieve pain. There must be 

 perfect rest, and if the animal will use the limb put him in slings, and 

 apply splints and bandages to the knee. The inflammation having been 

 cured, blister the parts, to promote absorption of the fluids. When the 

 animal is better let him have the run of a quiet pasture until entirely 

 sound, or keep him in the stable with gentle walking exercise every day. 



XII. Caries of the Lower-jaw. 



Causes. — Caries, or ulceration of the lower jaw bone, between the 

 tushes and grinders, is caused almost wholly by the barbarous use of bits 

 and curb-chains. Injury is also sometimes inflicted upon the bony plate 

 of the roof of the mouth by pressure of the curb, when a tight nose 



