472 ILLUSTRATED STOCK DOCTOR. 



and tie it securely round the pastern. This should be on every night j 

 and even after cure is effected it will be necessary for the animal to wear 

 this pad, to prevent recurrence of the bruise, or else to have the shoe 

 shortened. The pad must be at least two and a half inches thick. 



If it is in its new state (a simple swelling without matter), it can be 

 assuaged by using frequently, at moderate intervals, some cooling lotion. 



If large, watery, somewhat pendant, and unsightly, have an exper- 

 ienced surgeon remove it entirely; and then dress as an ordinary wound. 



If, after it has been opened, and the fluid pressed out, it heals with 

 hard substance left behind, rub frequently with acetate of mercury 

 until the natural state is restored. 



If treatment is undertaken only when there is no watery matter, no 

 fluctuation, remove it absolutely by making a vertical slit, of sufficient 

 length, and dissect the lump ; after which treat the wound with simple 

 cerate, or any healing ointment. 



Care must always be taken to guard against ha\'ing the elbow injured 

 again while treatment is going on, and to prevent rebruising the part 

 after cure is effected. 



If there is constipation or otherwise feverish tendency in the animal, 

 the cure of tumors or other local troubles will always be more difficult 

 unless this tendency is removed by suitable purgatives and carefully reg- 

 elated diet. 



VI. Frost Bite. 



Injury fhfim the effects of frost is more common in the North and 

 West than is generally supposed, and in many cases rheumatism, founder 

 and other "stiff complaints" may undoubtedly be attributed to this as the 

 predisposing ca'ise. 



Causes. — Long exposure to cold, either standing in the open air or 

 confined in cold siables ; standing in half melted snow and slush ; keep- 

 ing young animals in exposed yards, where they cannot take exercise and 

 with insufficient food. 



How to know it. — T^h* skin of the injured parts in light cases, turns 

 purple, inflames, cracks and exudes a bloody serum ; or if severe, the 

 skin and tissues beneath lose color, and become dead and eventually 

 shrivel. The skin, particularly of the heel, will crack, often from one 

 side to the other, refusing to heal. 



What to do- — If the limbs are simply chilled, friction will be all that 

 is necessary. If actually frozen, the animal should be warmly clothed 

 and the frozen parts be rubbed with snow until circulation is partly re- 

 stored. Then put the parts in cold water and continue rubbing until 



