WITHERS. 



Shoulders (3). — The line of union between the 

 shoulders and the neck is well shown in the majority of 

 harness and draught horses ; there being, in such cases, a 

 distinct depression immediately in front of the shoulder. In 

 well-shaped saddle horses, this dip between shoulder and neck 

 will be more or less difficult to find. The withers form the 

 upper boundary of the shoulder. The rear border of the 

 shoulder may be taken from behind the " swell " of the 

 muscle which is just below the withers, to the elbow. 



T\\^ point of the shoulder [h) is the prominent bony angle, 

 on each side of the chest, a little below the junction of the 

 neck and shoulder. 



The "Withers (4) are the bony ridge which is the for- 

 ward continuation of the back. Its posterior limit is, as a 

 rule, ill-defined ; for the curve made by the withers usually 

 runs into that of the back in a gradual manner. Its anterior 

 termination can generally be easily felt by the fingers ; as this 

 bony ridge ends abruptly in the crest. 



The Hlbow, which is a portion of the fore-arm, is the 

 large bony projection at the upper and posterior part of the 

 fore-arm. The point of the elbozv (/) is the top of this 

 bony projection. 



The Fore-Arm (5) is placed between the shoulder 

 and knee. Its upper boundary may be taken as a horizontal 

 line drawn across the fore limb, just below the lump of muscle 

 which is at the bottom of the shoulder. 



The castors, or chesnuts (X') are the horny growths that 

 are above the knees, and just below the hocks, on the inside 

 of the legs. 



