THROAT. 1 8s 



et seq., I have discussed at some length the subject of the 

 carriage of a horse's head and neck. 



In saddle-horses, the place where the neck comes out of 

 the chest should be marked, above, by a slight depression in 

 front of the withers ; below, by another depression at the 

 point where the jugular groove meets the chest ; and at each 

 side, it should be nearly flat with neck and shoulder. In cart- 

 horses, the large muscles of the shoulder stand out in pro- 

 minent relief from the neck, and the dip in front of the 

 withers is either absent or but faintly indicated. Owing to 

 the comparative lightness of neck in mares and geldings, the 

 union of the neck with the head and trunk is better marked 

 in them, than in entires. The jugular groove, in which the 

 jugular vein lies, may be seen on the lower part of the side 

 of the neck, and is well shown in Pis. 20, 23, and 35. 



Throat. — The wind-pipe should be large and well 

 detached from the neck ; as it will then indicate ofood 

 breathing power. This shape is seen in the justly admired 

 "game cock throttle," which is also associated with a good 

 forward carriage of the head. I have noticed that roaring 

 often accompanies a wasted appearance of the tissues which 

 cover the larynx. I am of course aware that the typical form 

 of roaring is caused by paralysis of one or both of the muscles 

 which open the larynx ; but their size is too small to account 

 for the peculiarly emaciated condition to which I have 

 alluded. 



