ANATOMY OF THE FOOT. 



219 



To illustrate these fundamental points, cuts are liere in* 

 kroduced, showing the construction of the horse « f^oL 



Fig. 8. 



ShOMTS the ground surface of the hoof prepared for receiving a shoe ; and marKS verj 



iigtinctly the difference between the curvature of the outer and inner quarters. 



a The toe — rasped away to receive the turned-up shoe, a 1. The inner toe. a 2. Tht 



outer toe. b 1. The inner quarter, b 2. The outer quarter, c 1. The vntter heel 



c 2. The outer heel, d d d. The sole, e e. The crust or wall of the hoof //. The bari. 



{g g. The commissures, hkl. The frog. 

 h. The part immediately under the navicular joint. 

 *. The oval cleft of the frog. 

 I. Tlie elevated boundary of the cleft. 

 i t. The bulbs of the heels. 



As the various parts of the horse's foot cannot be better 

 lescribed for the purposes of this work than they have 

 been by Mr. Miles (from whose manual the above cuts are 

 kransferred), extracts are here made from his description: 



The hoof is divided into horny crust or wall, sole, and frog. 



The horny crust is secreted by the numerous blood- 

 vessel 3 of that soft protruding band which encircles the 

 appcr edge of the hoof, immediately beneath the tenuina- 

 Idon of the hair ; and is divided into toe, quarters, heels, 

 and bars Its texture is insensible, but elastic throaghout 

 its whole extent ; and, yielding to the weight of the horse, 

 allows the horny sole to descend, whereby much inconven- 

 ient concussion of the internal parts of the foot is avoided 

 But if a large portion of the circumference of the foot be 



