890 



CARRUCtES. 



the rear, and in front should turn well out, away from tha 

 horse's shoulders. 



The Pole for light wagons should be of hickory, 

 Bteamed and bent ; coach poles, of second growth eastern 

 ash, — oak, when made up in this size, being apt to waip 

 But for farm wagons, omnibuses, stages, &c., which admit 

 of more material being used, oak is very much Iho 

 best. 



For the attachment of the Shafts or Pole to the Axle there 

 have been very many devices to prevent rattling and ao* 

 cident ; but none of them, for simplicity and cheapness, com- 

 pare with that of Mr.Chapman, of Cincinnati. This la 

 Mmply a piece of vulcanized india-rubber, (see Figs. 78 and 



IHft 're & T9.— Chapman's Patent Shaft Faataa. 



