38 



X. Specific names begin with a small letter except those wich are taken from names of 

 persons (substantives or adjectives) or those which are taken from generic names (substantives or adjectives). 



Examples: Ficus indica, Circaea lutettana, Brassica Napus, Ly thrum Hyssopi/olia, Aster novi- 

 helgii, Malva Tournefortiana, Phyteuma Halleri. 



XI. When a specific name is taken from the name of a man, it is formed in the follow- 

 ing way: 



à) When the name ends in a vowel, the letter i is added (thus Glazioui from Glaziou; 

 Bureaut from Bureau), except when the name ends in a, when e is added (thus Balansae from Balansa). 



h) When the name ends in a consonant, the letters ii are added (thus Magmisii from 

 Magnus; Ramondii from Ramond), except when the word ends in er when i is added (ex, Kerneri, 

 from Kemer). 



c) Syllables which are not modified by these endings retain their original spelling, even in 

 the case of the consonants k and w or groupings of vowels which are not used in classic latin. Letters 

 foreign to the latin of botanists should be transcribed, and diacritic signs suppressed. The german 

 ä, Ö, Ü, become ae, oe, ue, the french é, è and ê become, in general, e. 



d) When specific names taken from the name of a person have an adjectival form a similar 

 plan is adopted {Geranium Robertianum, derbena Hasslerana, etc.). 



XH. The same applies to the names of women. These are written in the feminine when 

 they have a substantival form. 



Example: Cypripediutn Hookerae, Rosa Beatricis, Scabiosa Olgae, Omphalodes Luciliae. 



XIII. In the formationjof specific names composed of two or several roots and taken from 

 latin or greek, the vowel placed between the two roots becomes a connecting vowel, in latin i, in greek o ; 

 thus we write menthifolia, salviifolia, not m^enthaefolia , salviaefolia. When the second root begins 

 with a vowel and euphony demands, the connecting vowel is eliminated (e. g. calliantha, lepidanthd). 

 The connecting ae is legitimate only when etymology demands (e. g. caricaeformis from Carica, may 

 be retained along with caridformis from Carex). 



XrV. In forming specif ic names, botanists will do well to note the following recommendations: 



a) Avoid very long names and those which are difficult to pronounce. 



b) Avoid names which express a character common to all or nearly all the species of a genus. 



c) Avoid names taken from little known or very restricted localities, unless the species 

 be very local. 



d) Avoid, in the same genus, names which are very much alike, especially those which 

 differ only in their last letters. 



e) Adopt unpublished names found in travellers' notes and in herbaria, attributing them to 

 the authors concerned, only when those concerned have approved the publication. 



/) Avoid names which have been used before in the genus, or in any closely allied genus, 

 and which have lapsed into synonymy (homonyms). 



g) Do not name a species after a person who has neither discovered, nor described, nor 

 figured, nor in any way studied it. 



h) Avoid specific names formed of two words. 



i) Avoid names which have the same meaning as the generic name. 



Art. 27. Two species of the same genus cannot bear the same specific name, 

 but the same specific name may be given in several genera. 



Example: Arabis spathulata DC. and Lepidium spathulatum Phil, are valid as two names 

 of Crucifers; but Arabis spathulata Nutt. in Torr, and Gray cannot be maintained, on account of the 

 existence of Arabis spathulata DC, a name previously given to another valid species of Arabis. 



Art. 28. Names of subspecies and varieties are formed like specific names 

 and follow them in order, beginning with those of the highest rank. The same holds 

 for subvarieties, forms, and slight or transient modifications of wild plants which 



