41 



Art. 36''*^ On and after January 1, 1912, the publication of names of new 

 groups of fossil plants will be valid only when they are accompanied by a latin 

 diagnosis and by illustrations or figures showing the essential characters of the 

 object in question. 



Art. 37. A species or a subdivision of a species, announced in a work, with 

 a complete specific or varietal name, but without diagnosis or reference to a former 

 description under another name, is not valid. Citation in synonymy or incidental 

 mention of a name is not effective publication, and the same applies to the mention 

 of a name on a ticket issued with a dried plant without printed or autographed diagnosis. 



Plates accompanied with analyses are equivalent to a description; but this 

 applies only to plates published before January 1, 1908. 



Examples. — The following are valid publications: Onobrychis euhrychidea Boiss. Fl. or. II, 

 546 (1872) published with description; Panax nossibiensis Drake in Grandidier Hist. Phys. Nat. et 

 Polit, de Madagascar, Vol. XXXV, t. V, III, 5e part., pi. 406 (1896), published in the form of a 

 plate with analyses; Cynanchum nivale Nym. Syll. fl. Eur. 108 (1854—1855) published with a 

 reference to Vincetoxicum nivale Boiss. et Heldr. previously described. Hieracium Flahaultianum 

 Arv.-Touv. et Gaut., published in an exsiccata accompanied by a printed diagnosis {Hieraciotheca 

 gallica, nos. 935 — 942, 1903). — The following are not valid: Sciadophyllum heterotrichum Decaisne 

 et Planch, in Rev. Hortic, ser. IV, III, 107 (1854), published without description or reference to a 

 previous description under another name ; Omithogalum undulatum Hort. Berol. ex Kunth Enum. pi. 

 IV, 348 (1843), quoted as a synonym of Myogalum Boucheanum Kunth 1. c, the name adopted by 

 the author, is not a valid publication; when transferred to Omithogalum, this species must be called 

 Ornithogalum Boucheanum Aschers. in Österr. Bot. Zeitschr. XVI, 192 (1866); Erythrina micropteryx 

 Poepp. quoted as a synonym of Micropteryx Poeppigiana Walp. in Linnaea XXIII, 740 (1850) is not 

 a valid publication; the species in question, when placed in the genus Erythrina must be called 

 Erythrina Poeppigiana 0. F. Cook in U. S. Dep. Agr. Bull, no 25, p. 57 (1901); Nepeta Sieheana 

 Hausskn. which appears without diagnosis in an exsiccata (W. Siehe, Bot. Reise nach Cicilien, no 521, 

 1896), is not valid. 



Art. 38. A genus or any other group of higher rank than a species, named 

 or announced without being characterised conformably to article 37 cannot be regarded 

 as effectively published {nomen nudum). The mere indication of species as belonging 

 to a new genus or of genera as belonging to a higher group, does not allow us to 

 accept the genus or group in question as characterised and effectively published. An 

 exception is made in the case of the generic names mentioned by Linnaeus in the 

 Species Plantarum ed. 1., 1753, names which we associate with the descriptions in 

 the Genera Plantarum ed. 5., 1754 (See article 19). 



Examples. — The following are valid publications: Carphalea Juss. Gen. PI. 198 (1789), 

 published with a description; Thuspeinanta Dur. Ind. Gen. Phaner., p. X (1888), published with a 

 reference to the genus Tapeinanthus Boiss. previously described; Stipa L. Sp. PI. ed. 1, 78 (1753), 

 valid because accompanied by a description in the Genera Plantarum ed. 5, no 84 (1754). — The 

 following are not valid: Egeria Neraud [Bot. Voy. Freycinet, 28 (1826), published without diagnosis 

 or reference to a description previously made under another name; Acosmus Desv. mentioned inci- 

 dentally as a synonym of the genus Aspicarpa Rich, by De Gandolle {Prodr. 1, 583 [1824]); Zatarhend 

 Forsk. Fl. Aeg. Arab., p. CXV (1775), based only on the enumeration of three species of the genus 

 Ocimum without indication of characters. 



Art. 39. The date of a name or of a combination of names is that of their 

 effective publication. In the absence of proof to the contrary, the date placed on the 



6 



