44 



together with the one or two first consonants of the third; or one of the last characteristic consonants 

 of the name is added (Bertol. for Bertoloni, to distinguish from Bertero; Michx for Michaux, to 

 distinguish from Micheli). Christian names or accessory designations, serving to distinguish two 

 botanists of the same name, or abridged in the same way (Adr. Juss. for Adrien de Jussieu, Gaertn. 

 fil. or Gaertn. f. for Gaertner filius). 



When it is a well established custom to abridge a name in another manner, it is best to 

 conform to it (L. for Linnaeus, DC. for De Candolle, St.-Hil. for Saint- Hilaire). 



In publications destined for the general public and in titles it is preferable not to abridge 



XXV bis. The citation in parenthesis of the original author is especially useful in the 

 absence of synonymy or when the latter is a long one. In palaeobotany the custom is always to 

 cite in parenthesis the original author of the epithet of a species or of a subdivision of a transferred 

 species. 



XXV ter. The citation of authors earlier than the starting point of the nomenclature of a 

 group, is indicated when considered useful or desirable, preferably between brackets or by the use 

 of the word ex. This method is especially applicable in mycology when reference is made to 

 authors earlier than Fries or Persoon. Examples: Lupinus [Tournef. Inst. 392, t. 213 (1719)] Linn. 

 Sp. ed. 1, 721 (1753) and Gen. ed. 4, 332, or Lupinus Toum. ex L. — Boletus piperatus [Bull 

 Hist. Champ. Fr. 318, t. 451 f. 2 (1791—1812)] Fries Syst. Myc. I, 388 (1821), or Boletus piperatus 

 Bull, ex Fries. 



Section 6. On names that are to be retained when a group is divided, 

 remodelled, transferred, or moved from one rank to another, or when two groups 

 of the same rank are united, or in dealing with groups which have a pleo- 



morphie life- cycle. 



Art. 44. A change of characters, or a revision which involves the exclusion 

 of certain elements of a group or the addition of new elements, does not warrant 

 a change in the name or names of a group, except in cases provided for in article 51. 



Examples. — The genus Myosotis as revised by R. Brown differs from the original genus of 

 Linnaeus, but the name has not been changed, nor is any change allowable. Various authors have 

 united with Centaurea Jacea L. one or two species which Linnaeus had kept distinct; the group thus 

 constituted must be called Centaurea Jacea L. (sensu ampl.) or Centaurea Jacea L. (em. Visiani, em. 

 Godron, etc.); the creation of a new name such as Centaurea vulgaris Godr. is superfluous. 



Art. 45. When a genus is divided into two or more genera, the name must 

 be kept and given to one of the principal divisions. If the genus contains a section 

 or some other division which, judging by its name or its species, is the type or the 

 origin of the group, the name is reserved for that part of it. If there is no such 

 section or subdivision, but one of the parts detached contains a great many more 

 species than the others, the name is reserved for that part of it. 



Examples. — The genus Helianthemum contained, according to Dunal (in DC. Prodr. I. 

 266 — 284 [1824]), 112 well-known species distributed in nine sections; several of these sections have 

 since been raised to generic rank {Fumana Spach,| Tkè^rarza Spach) but the name Helianthemum has 

 been kept for the divisions grouped round the section Euhelianthemum. — The genus Convolvulus 

 L. em. Jacq. was divided into two by Robert Brown in 1810 {Prodr. fl. Nov. Holl., pp. 482 — 484), 

 who gave the name Calystegia to one of the genera which at that time contained only four species, 

 and reserved the name Convolvulus for the other genus which contained a much larger number of 

 species. — In the same way Salisbury (in Trans. Linn. Soc. VI, 317 [1802]), in separating Erica 

 vulgaris L. from the genus Erica, under the name Calluna, kept the name Erica for the large 



