49 



Art. 53. When a subgenus, a section or a subsection, passes as such into 

 another genus, the name must be changed if there is already, in that genus, a valid 

 group of the same rank, under the same name. 



When a species is moved from one genus into another, its specific epithet 

 must be changed if it is already borne by a valid species of that genus. Similarly 

 when a subspecies, a variety, or some other subdivision of a species is placed under 

 another species, its name must be changed if borne already by a valid form of like 

 rank in that species. 



Examples. — Spartium bißorum Desf. (1798 — 1800) when transferred by Spach in 1849 to 

 the genus Cytisus could not be called Cytisus hiflorus, but was renamed Cytisus Fontanesii, because 

 of the previous existence of a valid species Cytisits hiflorus L'Hérit. (1789). The earliest synonym 

 of Calochorttis Nuttallii Torr, et Gray (in Pacific Rail. Rep. II, 124 [1855—1856]) is Fritillaria alia 

 Nutt. (Gen. Amer. I, 222 [1818]) but we cannot restore the original epithet of this species, although 

 this has been done in the Notizbl. des K. bot. Gartens und Mus. Berl. II, 318 (1899), because there 

 exists already a valid species in the genus with the name Calochortus albus Dougl. in Maund 

 Botanist t. 98 (1839). 



Art. 54. Names of genera must be rejected in the following special cases: 



1. When they coincide with a technical term concurrentiy used in morphology, 

 unless they are accompanied by specific names. 



2. When they express uninominal nomenclature. 



3. When they are formed of two words, unless these two words were from 

 the first united or joined by a hyphen. 



Examples. — 1 ". Generic names such as Lignum, Radix, Spina, Radieula etc. would not now be 

 admissible; on the other hand a generic name like Tuber should not be rejected when it has been published 

 with specific names {Tuber cibarium etc.), — 2". Ehrhart {Phytophylacium [1780] and Beitrag. IV, 

 145 — 150) made use of a uninominal nomenclature for species known at Ihat time under binary 

 names {Phaeocephalum, Leptostachys, etc.). These names, which resemble generic names, must not be 

 confused with such and are to be rejected, unless a subsequent author has given them the value of 

 a generic name: for example Baeothryon, a uninominal expression ef Ehrhart' s, has been applied to 

 a genus characterised by A. Dietrich Spec. PI. II, 89 (1833). — 3°. Names like Quisqualis (a single 

 word from the first), Sebastiano-Schaueria and Neves-Armondia will stand. 



Art. 55. Specific names must also be rejected in the following special cases: 

 1®. When they are ordinals serving for purpose of enumeration. 

 2". When they merely repeat the generic name. 



Examples. — 1 ". Boletus vicesim,us sexttis, Agaricus octogesimus nanus. — 2 ". Linaria Linaria, 

 Raphanistrum. Raphanistrum etc. 



Art. 56. In the cases foreseen in articles 51 to 56, the name to be rejected 

 or changed is replaced by the oldest valid name in the group in question, and in 

 default of such a one a new name (or new binomial) must be made. 



By valid name is implied a name, and especially a combination of names 

 formed in accordance with the rules of nomenclature. The author of a new combi- 

 nation may, if he wish, borrow the specific epithet from an older non-valid binomial 

 (still-born name) or make use of a new one. 



Examples. — Linum Radiola L. (1753) when placed in the genus Radiola must be called 

 Radiola linoides Roth (1788); the earlier synonym Linum multiflorum Lamk. (1778) cannot be con- 



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