14 Dr. G. Lindstrom on the Affinities 



Syringopora^ finally, cannot, any more than the preceding, 

 be considered a Tabulate coral. In large specimens there 

 is a perfect accordance with the Rugosa. " Cost?e " and septa 

 are present ; and the mode of growth agrees with that of the 

 Rugosa. The coralhim, as in all other Palaeozoic corals, com- 

 mences as a small, naiTOAV, conical corallite, which is reclining 

 and attaclicd. From the inferior lip of the calicular orifice 

 there shoot forth two diverging stolons ; and the orifice itself 

 simultaneously is directed upwards at right angles, and 

 becomes circular instead of semicircular. The stolons change 

 into new corallites, which in turn send forth stolons, generally 

 tW'O each, and become simultaneously cylindrical and erect 

 tubes. A network of diverging corallites { = Aulopord) being 

 thus formed, the growth of the colony is continued chiefly in 

 a vertical direction, and the Syringopora proper begins to pro- 

 pagate itself. The ascending tubes continue to emit from 

 their calicine margins the narrow connecting tubes, often to 

 the number of six, which have a horizontal direction and 

 unite adjoining corallites. Some of these, however, turn 

 iipwards, without fusion with neighbouring tubes, thus con- 

 stituting new corallites, from which in turn connecting pro- 

 cesses or new tubes are again produced. In fact, the con- 

 necting-tubes and new corallites are morphologically nothing 

 but the stolons, no longer creeping or attached, but suspended 

 freely between the corallites. They have nothing in common 

 with the mural pores of the Favositida, which are true lacunae 

 in the wall, as is characteristic of the Perforata generally. 

 The stolons or connecting-tubes of Byringojpora are homolo- 

 gous with those expansions of the calicular lip which are so 

 common amongst so many other corals and assume such a 

 variety of shape. Such are the radicular processes which the 

 polype forms during its first growth round its calicle, as in 

 Omphyma, where they attain a length of several inches and 

 sustain the coral in an erect position. In those corals, again, 

 which were primitively prostrate and attached to foreign 

 bodies, as in FliolidopliyUum^ Goniophyllum^ Rhizophyllum, 

 and Cystiphyllum^ the rootlets radiate only from the lip of the 

 attached surface. In others, again, as in several Cyathophylla, 

 in Ptycliophyllum^ Acervularia, and Arachnophyllum^ the ex- 

 pansions of the lips of the calicle give rise to those large hooked 

 processes which M.-Edwards called "crampons." In none 

 of the genera just mentioned have I ever observed new coral- 

 lites budded forth from the crampons or rootlets. This occurs, 

 however, in Dipliypliyllmn {■=Eridophyllum, E. & H.), in 

 Lithostrotion ^ and in a new genus allied to these. The coral- 

 lites in this last genus are cornet-shaped, attached, and strongly 



