Ceological Sm'ii'ti/. 18'J 



Rami about :5 ftt>t tliick, likf thuf of tlu' Pin- hole, but with patclics 

 of lainiiuitfd red clay near the base, and containing scattered nodules 

 of black oxide of manganese, and some (luart/ite and other jiebldes, 

 whiih rented upon a lied of lighter-coloured Bands containing blocks 

 of limestone, probably forming part of the original lloor of the 

 cavern. The hard stalagmitic breccia contained a great many bones 

 (chietly of small animals, but Avith some of Reindeer), and teeth of 

 lihiiioctfos tichorhiniis, llvficna, Horse, Water-vole, and numerous 

 flint Hakes and chips, and a few cores. Some of the flakes were of 

 superior workmanship. A few quartzite implements were also found 

 in the breccia. The cave-earth contained a few fliiit implements ; 

 but most of the human relics found in it were of quart zite, and of 

 decidedly palieolithic aspect. There was also an implement of clay- 

 ironstone. The animal remains chiefly found in the cave-earth were 

 tt'eth of Horse, 7^/(//(()(Vn).'? tichorltinus^ and Kya?na, and fragments of 

 both jaws of the last-mentioned animal. Bones and teeth of Rein- 

 deer, and teeth of Cave-Lion and Rear also occurred. The red sand 

 underlying the cave-earth contained but few bones, except in one 

 place, where antlers and bones of Reindeer and bones of Bison and 

 Hytena occurred. At another part a small molar of ElepJuts jirimi- 

 (jeiiius was found. A large proportion of the bones had been gnawed 

 by Hya?nas, to whose agency the author ascribed the presence of 

 most of the animal remains found ; but he remarked that no copro- 

 lites of Hyaenas had been met with. The following is a list of the 

 animals whose remains occurred in this cavern : — Felis ho (var. 

 spdcea), Hifcena crocuta (var. spelcra), Ursns arctos, U. ferox, Canis 

 familiai-is, C. liqyus, C. vuJpes, Elephas primic/enius, Equns cahallns. 

 Rhinoceros tichorhinus. Bos bison, var. prisms, Bos longifro)is, Ccipra 

 hir.-iis,Sus scrofu domesticus andfen(s, Cervus nugaceros, C.tarandns, 

 Arricola amphihius, and Lepus ti^niihs. 



'• On the M'ammalia and Traces of Man found in the Robin- 

 Hood Cave." By W. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., F.G.S., 

 F.S.A., Professor of Geology and Palajontology in the Owens Col- 

 lege, Manchester. 



The author noticed the various species of animals discovered by 

 Mr. >rello during the researches, the results of which arc given in 

 the preceding paper, and drew certain conclusions from their mode 

 of occurrence as to the history of Robin Hood's Cave. He con- 

 sidered that the cave was occu])ied by Hyaenas during the forma- 

 tion of the lowest and middle deposits, and that the great majority 

 of the other animals whose remains occur in the cave were dragged 

 into it by the Hyaenas. That they served as food for the latter is 

 shown by the condition of many of the bones. During this period 

 the red sand and clay of the lowest stratum was deposited b)' occa- 

 sional floods. The red loam or cave-earth forming the middle 

 stratum was probably introduced during heavy rains. The occu- 

 pation of the cave by Ilyitnas still continued, but it was disturbed 

 by the visits of Palaolithic hunters. The remains found in the 



13*^ 



