Dr. N. Severtzoff on the Mammals of Turkestan. 22 1 



AVap^ncr (SchrcUn's 'Saiigcthierc,' Fort.setz. v. A. Wagner) 

 as.sii;ns also the skiilU and liorns observed by Barns in 

 liuchara : he says, " The liorns arc more slender, lonj^er, and 

 more compressed than those of 0. arfjalij and are curved in a 

 rather lart,a'r circle ; but these characters, as mentioned before, 

 are also found in O. ILinsii and O. Hif/riinoufana.^^ The 

 ln»rns of 0. Polii are stron<i;ly compressed ; on the orbital 

 surface there is a furrow between the two convex portions of 

 the surface ; there is also a similar depression on the frontal 

 surface runnini^ parallel with the fronto-orbital edp^e ; in 

 younfi^ specimens this is shar})ly marked, but with the advance 

 of age this furrow gets deeper and wider. The michal sur- 

 face of the horn is tiat ; consequently the tronto-nuehal edge is 

 sharjj and forms a triangle with a rounded ])oint. In tlie 

 section at the horn's base the width of the orbital surface is 

 twice the line drawn from the middle of it across the horn to the 

 fronto-nuchal edge ; the width of the frontal surface is almost 

 equal to that of the nuchal surface. 



The angle formed by the basal chord Avith the axis of the 

 skull shows 41^, or is more than three times the angle 

 formed by it with the median chord, namely 12°, but is 

 much less than that of the terminal chord, which shows 60 ; 

 both rising chords are long. 



The spiral of the horn tits on an inserted cone the point of 

 which is turned towards the skull and the base to the outside; 

 the axis of this cone ])oiiits towards the front, and still more 

 so when the animal advances in age. The inner surfaces of 

 the horns join almost at a right angle, with a rather blunt 

 point in young and a very shai-j:) one in old specimens, namely 

 from 3° to 4°. The ridges of the horns are meandering and 

 irregular, a great portion of them branching off in two or more 

 branches. 



The occipital ridge is pointed and forms in its section a 

 sharp angle with a slightly rounded point ; the forehead, com- 

 mencing from the bridge of the nose, rises very steeply ; out of 

 the three processes of the frontal, the anterior one (just above 

 the eye) is very small and sometimes disappears altogether, so 

 so that oidy the two others remain. The length of the forehead, 

 from the base of the horns as far as the upper extremities of the 

 nasals, is scarcely more than two thirds of its width between 

 the orbits. This proportion differs very little according to the 

 animal's age, as the length and width of the forehead increase 

 equally quickly; the forehead of 0. Karcliin', on the contrary, 

 grows more in length than it does in width, and consecpu'ntly 

 the ))roportions of these measurements alter very much in the 

 dilferent ag«'S of the animal. 



