336 Dr. N. Severtzoff on the Mammals of Turkestan. 



Now, for instance, between the localities inhabited by Ocis 

 Polii and 0. KareJini there is a narrow line where the two 

 species are both to be met with, namely near the Upper Narin : 

 at the same place I think it possible that also Caj^ra skyn 

 and C. sibin'ca meet ; it is, however, only durin<2: the last 

 twenty years that those two species have inhabited that 

 locality, as it is only about that time since the Kirgies left 

 it with their tame flocks, to the wild sheep and goats. I 

 must also add that C. sibirica is distributed over the range 

 of two species of sheep, namely Ovis arfjali and O. Karelini^ 

 which might be in connexion with their respective avoidance 

 of mankind, as is the case on the Kora (see above). 



The goat is not so partial to the mountain-meadows ; and 

 as it climbs more and is altogether a moi-e truly aljnnc animal, 

 it has not been driven away into the mountains to the same 

 extent as the sheep. Besides, the herds of tame goats 

 are not nearly so considerable as those of sheep in Central 

 Asia. 



I may here remark that the range of CcipelJa rnpicapra is 

 restricted now to four localities — namely the Pyrenees, the 

 Alps, the Carpathians, and the Caucasus. Four different species 

 have not arisen, however, as only the Alpine chamois can be 

 distinguished from the one inhabiting the Pyrenees. Probably 

 the reason of this is that the characters of the genus Capella 

 are less liable to change than those of the sheep or goats, the 

 latter lying mostly in the proportions of the horas and skull, 

 and being much more marked in the males than in the females. 



74. Bos taurus. 



Is found at all seasons all over Turkestan, and at almost 

 every elevation, only being met in summer above 7000 feet, de- 

 scending lower down for the cold season. 



75. Bos indicus. 



Inhabits the south-western portion of Turkestan, including 

 the Zarevshan valley, but does not go high into the moun- 

 tains. 



76. Bos grunniens {domesticus) . 



Is found all over the eastern half of Tm-kestan, comprising the 

 basins of the rivers Narin, Chu-Talas, &c.' It never or very 

 seldom descends below 6000 feet, and in summer goes even 

 to the summits of the mountains ; it does not stop there, how- 

 ever, during the winter. 



[To be continued.] 



