476 Mr. H. J. Carter o)i Deep-sea 



ture of the interior, projecting and frayed out; c, an ch orate ; 



(1, tiicurvate : c, d, on the scale of l-2J:th to 1-GOOOth inch. 



e, anchorate, more magnified. For the skeleton-spiciile see 



PI. XV. fig. 28. 

 Fi(j. 10. IlaUchondria foliata,'Sk., fragment, natural size, a, anchorate; 



b. tricurvate : scale l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton- 



spicules see PL XV. fig. 29, a, b. 

 Fiy. 11. Flumohnlichondria microcionides (rolled fragment), natural size. 



a, clavate acuate, spined, l-48th to l-6000th inch ; b, anchorate, 



more magnified : scale l-24th to l-6000th inch. For skeleton- 



spicules see PL XV. fig. 30, a, b. 



Plate XIII. 



Fi(/. 12. Esperia placoides, natural size, a a a, scales ; b b, grooves 

 between the scales ; c c, vents ; d, stem ; e, diagi-am of two 

 scales, viewed laterally, to show their structure and the groove 

 between them ; /, free surface, hirsute ; ff, base, rooted to the 

 interior by bundles of skeleton-spicules ; h, vertical portion ; 

 ^, groove : scale l-24th to l-48th inch, k, diagram of a portion 

 of the surface of a " groove," magnified, to show /, the pore- 

 arese occupying the interstices of the reticulated smooth rugae, 

 I' r I' ; m, vent, magnified, to show form ; «, anchorate ; o, biha- 

 mate or fibula ; p, bundle of tricurvates ; q, single tricm-vate : 

 m-q on same scale, viz. l-24th to 1 -6000th inch. For the 

 skeleton-spicule see PL XV. fig. 32. 



Fiff. 13. Esperia borassus, on a fragment of PachastreUa obyssi^ Sdt., 

 natural size, a a a, pachastrella and spicules ; 6, E. borassus ; 

 c, anchorate ; d, bihamate : on the same scale, viz. l-24th to 

 1-6000 inch. For the skeleton-spicule see PL XV. fig. 33. 



Fig. 14. Esperia ciipressiformis, var. hnmatifera, free extremity, natural 

 size, a, large anchorate ; 5, small anchorate ; <?, bihamate : on 

 the same scale, viz. l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton- 

 spicule see PL XV. fig. 34. 



Fig. lo. C'ladorhiza abi/ssicola, Sars, branch of, natural size. «, charac- 

 teristic bihamate. 



Fig. IG. Cladorhiza abyssicola, var. corticocanceUata, end of branch of, 

 natural size, a, characteristic bihamate. 



Fig. 17. Halichondria pldyctenodes, on a fragment of Corallistes Boicer- 

 bankii, natural size, a a a, Corallistes ; i, H. phh/ctenodes ; 

 cc, appendiculate tubular vents ; d, end of one that has been 

 cut off; e, tubular vent, magnified two diameters ; /, anchorate; 

 g, bihamate : on the same scale, viz. l-24th to l-6000th inch. 

 For the skeleton-spicule see PL XV. fig. 3o. 



Fig. 18. CribreUa hos2iitfdis, Sdt., natural size, a, sponge ; b, pore-areae, 

 circular and cribriform ; c, stem ; d, anchorate : on the scale of 

 l-24th to l-6000th inch. For the skeleton-spicules see PI. XV. 

 fig. 36, a, 6. 



Fig. 19. Halichondria forcipis, Bk., var. bidbosa, a fi-agment in a fragment 

 of a bivalve shell, natural size, a, shell ; b, sponge ; c, ancho- 

 rate ; d, bihamate ; e, tricm-vate, in the form of a pair of open 

 compasses: on the same scale, viz. l-24th l-6U00th inch. 

 f, one ami of the tricurvate, more magnified to show the bulb at 

 the extremity. For the skeleton-spicules see PL XV. fig. 37, 

 a,b. 



