Brachiopod Nomenclature. 445 



youiif^- of the others : their aged appearance tells that. 0£ 

 these four forms, 1 and 2 belong to the Coralline Crag; but 

 their disunited valves are found in the Red Crag, where they 

 are presumal)ly derived shells ; while 3 and 4 belong cliiefly 

 to the Red Crag, and are perliaps indigenous. 



For these forms the following names seemed to be avail- 

 able : — 1. Terehratula spondyhdes, Smith; 2. Terebratula 

 vmxima, Charlesworth ; 3. Terebratula variabilis, Sowerby ; 

 while 4 seems to have been unnamed. 



These determinations were necessarily somewhat hurried. 

 Since they were made, however, the consultation of Tertiary 

 works in connexion with other species led to the tinding of 

 references to the naming of these Crag fossils. The authors 

 who discussed them, it was pleasing to see, had already come 

 to the conclusion that the Crag Terebratulce were incorrectly 

 named T.grandis) but they expressed other opinions regarding 

 the names to be applied. Their conclusions may now be 

 considered, 



M. E. Vincent * says that the large Terebratula from the 

 Lower Pliocene of Antwerp ordinarily called T. grandis, 

 Blumenbach, is not that species, which is a fossil of the 

 Middle Oligocene ; and he suggests that the name Terebratula 

 variabilis, Sowerby, is the correct denomination. 



MM. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss f discussed this determina- 

 tion three years later. They agree that the name T. grandis 

 is not applicable, but they say that the name T. variabilis 

 cannot be used because it was forestalled by a pre-existing 

 T. variabilis, Schlotheim. They further say that Nyst X, 

 noticing this double, proposed the name T. sowerbyana, but 

 that this name was unfortunate, for it was already occupied 

 by a 7'. sowerbyana, Defrance, which was named in 1828. 

 They go on to say that the name to be applied is T.pei-forata, 

 Defrance, which was given in Desnoyers § in 1825, founded 

 on figures of a Crag Terebratula published by Dale 1| iu 1730. 



All tliese authors, as well as Davidson and others, have 



* Contrib. pal. Terr. Tert. Belg. Brach. ; Ann. Soc. roy. Malac. Belg. 

 xxviii. (1893) p. oo. 



t " Du uom a adopter pour le grande T«$r(Sbratule du Pliocene inf(5- 

 rieure d'Anvers ;" Pr. vero. Soc. Malac. Belg. xxv. 1896, p. xxi. 



X Coq. & Polypiera foss. Belg. 184;}, p. 335. 



§ Desnoyers, " Terr. tert. et crt5t. du Cotentin ; " Soc. d'llist. Nat. de 

 Paris, ii. p. 239(64) (1825). 



II Dale, ' History and Antiquities of Harwich and Dovercourt ' (1730), 

 p. 294, pi. xi. tig. it. It is not pi. ii., as quoted by Desnoyers and by 

 MM. Dautzenberg and Dollfuss. 



