ncv) Species of Earthworms. 59 



inserted ol)li(jiicly forwards. They form a dense mattinpj 

 over the pharynx. Ventrally the l)ands are separate and more 

 stronsjly developed. The [jhannx (fig. 2) occupies somites 3-7. 

 Its dorsal wall is enormously develo])ed, and tongues of 

 muscles dip wxio the cavity and almost fit into corresponding 

 depressions on the floor. The ventral wall at the level of 

 the fourth segment is raised into a semilunar valve-like 

 fold, whose presence is marked outside by an intucking of 

 the wall. The ventral wall of the pharynx in somites 6 

 and 7 is raised into vertical folds, simulating the pouch. 

 The ncphridia of segments 5-G are all fused together to form 

 a single median structure, closely applied to the ventral 

 wall of the pharynx. They are modified into flat glandular 

 hodies, in which the small nephridial cells are united to 

 become large polygonal syncytial cells in the main lobes. 

 They have no nephridiopores, and just behind the semilunar 

 fold (segment 4) is a small aperture, which can be traced to 

 these pharyngeal glands; in a scries of sections the commu- 

 nicating channels lie closely adherent to the under surface 

 of the pharyngeal wall. The gizzard is in segment 8, 

 slightly extending into segment 9. The intestine commences 

 in segment 14. There is a typhlosole. 



Below the dorsal vessel lies a typhlosolar vessel, which runs 

 up to the genital somites, where it attains the thickness of 

 the superior vessel, finally entering the pharynx. The last 

 heart is in segment 12. There are subintestinal and sub- 

 neural vessels. A lateral vessel is present only occasionally. 

 The secondary segmental sheath, in which the dorsal vessel 

 is enclosed in segments 18-25, is a flat somewhat loose pouch 

 filled with coelomocytes and blood-corj)uscles. I have not 

 been able to make out any communication between these 

 pockets and the body-cavity. 



The nephridial system consists of a series of very large 

 meganephiidia^ becoming most conspicuous from somites 14. 

 In front they are only feebly developed — sometimes disposed 

 in the form of arches over the alimentary canal, or are 

 tucked under in the form of tufts. The nephrostomes are 

 large club-shaped structures, in which the diameter of the 

 ciliated funnel is only slightly wider than the funnel-tube. 

 In segments 24-32, of the majority of examples dissected 

 and examined, are found small vesicles, not unlike the 

 spermatheca in the anterior somites, in close relation with 

 the nephridia of these segments. The vesicles, which are 

 3-4, lie in the seta-line a, b, c, d on either side close to the 

 posterior surface of septa, and are connected with the main 

 lobes of the nephridia only by muscular attachments. 



