14 FOREST REGULATION 



2) Ripe stands, i. e., those of the last age class, in Spruce, 

 here 80-100 years old, he estimates by samples; in some cases he 

 calipers and gets volume, quality and thus value by the Urich 

 method ; in other cases he merely states degree of stocking and uses 

 the Yield tables to determine the amount of timber on the lot. He 

 also notes condition of stand, and makes suggestions as to its 

 treatment, i. e., whether to hurry about cutting, etc. In many cases 

 he examines the stand for its growth, using borings and Schneider's 

 formula. 



3) The Description of Defective stands and stands where 

 the growth is evidently poor, and also open stands, where wind, 

 snow, etc., have opened and reduced the cover to 0.6 or below in 

 density. Stands of this kind require much extra work, for they 

 must not merely be seen but must be studied. He estimates the 

 whole stand ; determines density or degree of stocking ; the age he 

 has from his records ; he tests the growth by borings, and finally he 

 decides as to the best treatment. If the stand is very poor, and is 

 making no growth of value, he suggests its removal during the 

 next 10 years, with suitable re-planting. It is particularly this class 

 of stands which taxes the man's knowledge and draws on his 

 experience. 



4) The Description of the Selection forest. Here things are 

 not so simple even if the forest is in good condition. The work 

 needs to be done more in detail and it also requires more care and 

 judgment. Old and young is mixed on the same acre, the picture 

 is one of endless variation and with every step, the composition, and 

 age classes (here really size-classes) change in their relative pro- 

 portions. 



Here each cut takes : 



Ripe Stuff, i. e., trees over certain sizes; (harvest). 



Inferior and defective stuff; (improvement cut). 



Thinnings of good material and the cut also should stimulate or 

 assist reproduction. Whether this has been done and done well, 

 whether there was left enough of timber per acre to secure good 

 growth, whether the age classes are well represented, and other 

 related points need to be judged by the man who examines and 

 describes these stands. 



5) The description is made in a Manual or on loose sheets, 

 each lot receiving its own sheet or double page with printed form, 

 which reads about as follows : 



