58 FOREST REGULATION 



details deferred. Effective study of this kind requires a man thor- 

 oughly grounded in silvics, and if he is not to be had, it should be 

 left at notes as gathered in Valuation Survey. 



2. Injuries occur in all woods. They represent the dangers 

 to the Merchantable Stand, present and future, and danger of im- 

 mediate loss. They determine what must be done to protect the 

 forests and often decide what species must be favored or used and 

 also the methods of silviculture best adapted. Windfall prevents 

 the use of various forms of seeding from isolated trees, and groups 

 of such trees-; it forbids shelterwood and seed tree in Spruce. Heavy 

 snow forbids the use of Scotch Pine in parts of the Black Forest : 

 the Locust beetle has prevented desirable woodlot work on the 

 farms, etc. 



a. Generally the forest tells its own story, and notes are 

 gathered during the regular valuation survey. Besides occasional 

 stops to determine the approximate age of a burn or other injury 

 there is no call for special study unless some great trouble, like bark 

 beetle pest, etc., is under way and threatens large values in timber. 



Manner of stating these facts in report should avoid all lengthy 

 discussion and relate the injury directly with loss in value, its effect 

 on Protection, Utilization, Silviculture, Business. If special study 

 is made of such trouble as an insect calamity, it is best made the 

 subject of special report. 



b. Special consideration is required by the conditions affect- 

 ing fire protection. In the United States this must continue for 

 many years, in fact until the woods are cleaned up and fire protection 

 becomes an established custom. In this connection the areas of 

 even aged dense young stands in conifers and the large masses of 

 windfall and fire killed stuff require attention and are therefore 

 recorded in regular columns of the description sheet. 



To try to locate at once the best points for lookouts, tool boxes, 

 phone lines, etc., is really beyond the scope of the survey and is 

 much better done as a special enterprise in making the Plan of 

 Protection. 



e. Report on Conditions other than Timber. 



Which affect value of property and its management. Such 

 matters as : Lands needed for purposes of the forest business, mill 

 sites, pastures, etc. 



