92 FOREST REGULATION 



Pines, Tamarack, etc., the even aged stands predominate and 

 nature's method is a form of "clear-cutting" with seed trees, and 

 "seeding from the side." 



2. Shelterwood Method. 



"Schirmschlagbetrieb" of Gayer and of Lorey and in part 

 Lorey's "Femelschlagbetrieb." 



Composition: Pure and Mixed. 



Age of trees in any stand : Even Aged, i. e., trees are nearly 

 enough the same age, so that the small difference is not apparent in 

 older stands. 



Rotation: a definite period, ripe timber is cut at some given 

 age and not merely when of some particular size. 



Cutting, or Method of Procedure : For illustration : 



a. Cut out about one-third of stand, preferably largest trees, 

 to open up entire stand and admit more light. Then wait for seed 

 year. 



b. After seeding, take out another one-third of stand to make 

 room and light for seedlings, and leave the last one-third of stand 

 as an even shelter to protect seedlings against sun, wind, and frost 

 and also to hinder a rapid development of weeds and brush. 



c. When Reproduction is well started and no longer in need of 

 shelter, but rather in need of light, the last one-third of the ripe 

 timber is removed. 



In practice the method varies ; it may use only one seed year, 

 or several, it may take off the stand in two cuts or in six cuts ; it 

 may take only six years (as in Pine) or forty years as in Balsam and 

 Beech in Baden ; it may rely entirely on natural reproduction, or it 

 may normally employ artificial help as in Beech forests of Denmark. 



Reproduction, normally is natural, and takes place before the 

 old stand is entirely removed. 



Results : Ordinarily an even aged stand where trees differ only 

 5-10 years in age; but in the "slow" forms the stand is not even 

 aged and resembles the Selection Forest ; trees vary from 30-40 

 years in age. 



Advantages: Combines the good qualities of Selection with 

 those of all methods leading to an even age stand. Protects Site 

 and reproduction ; it enables careful control, assures better care in 



