94 FOREST REGULATION 



Cutting: Ripe timber is cut clear, normally in strips. Where 

 west winds prevail, strips run North and South and work starts on 

 the east side of any stand. Best authorities prescribe narrow strips, 

 not over 100 yards wide. 



Reproduction: The strip of land cleared of timber is seeded 

 from the side, i. e., we do not expect seedlings under the stand or 

 trees, but away from the stand or trees, on open, cleared land. 



Result: An even age stand made up of kinds from which the 

 seed is derived, generally one species, or pure stand. 



Advantage: Cheap logging, cheap reproduction, simple, even 

 age stand. 



Disadvantage : Care land exposed to sun and wind covers with 

 brambles and weeds, dries out and thus hinders reproduction. The 

 seeding is rarely satisfactory, and if it must be helped artificially, 

 is costly. 



Applicable: Only used in timber with light seed, chiefly in 

 pine and other conifers, also Aspen, Birch, etc. With us in Lob- 

 lolly, Jack Pine. Shortleaf, also in Tamarack and Cedar Swamp, 

 Lodge Pole, Red Fir, etc. 



In Use : Formerly this method was much used in North Ger- 

 many in Pinery (on sands), and then modified in various ways 

 (Coiilissenschlage" of the Germans). Today very little is done 

 with this method in Germany, and it is not recommended by best 

 authorities (see Borggreve "Holzzucht", p. 185, etc., and especially 

 p. 200, and see also Reuss, Gayer, Weise, Ney of later authors). 



This method has been . modified as follows : The lumberman 

 either unable under the particular conditions, or unwilling to cut 

 timber in small bodies, demanded that he be allowed to log off the 

 land in large bodies, up to several thousand acres. To assure some 

 reproduction of Pine (the usual species) and to give to young 

 growth the benefit of plenty of light, and, in most cases, to appease 

 the lumberman who was unwilling even to leave a reasonable portion 

 of old timber, a few trees per acre were left as seed trees, as few 

 as one tree per acre have been recommended and as little as 5% of 

 ripe stuff was insisted upon and secured. Since these lone seed 

 trees in most cases were left on relatively large areas, it was clearly 

 a case of Clear Cutting with seed trees to seed from the side. In 

 some cases (Lodgepole) lone trees promptly were thrown by wind 



