CUCAR CUTTING 95 



and the method was further modified. Groups of trees, blocks of 

 an acre or more in size were left; then also the old method of 

 "Coulissen" was revived in places. In United States all this is 

 experimental as yet. 



In the last few years there has heen further development, a 

 larger and larger number of trees are left, until this "seed tree 

 method'' is transforming into a form of open Selection method or a 

 form near the "Zweihiebiger Hochwald", as described by Weise in 

 his Waldbau. To call this Shelterwoods seems a misnomer, for it 

 lacks the two principal elements : Shelter for seedlings and working 

 to even age stand, the object being primarily to suit present condi- 

 tions of market, and avoid large areas of clear-cut lands. 



This method of rapidly clearing the land of old timber and 

 developing even aged stands appears to have been nature's way in 

 most of our pineries, Tamarack swamps, and large parts of the 

 forests of Red Fir. 



Unintentionally this method has been used in Loblolly to such an 

 extent as to lead to the name of Old Field Pine. 



Large areas of burns have covered themselves with Jack Pine, 

 Lodgepole, Red Fir, and Tamarack, indicating the suitability of this 

 method in United States. 



4. Clear Cutting with Artificial Reproduction. 



Composition: A mixed stand is feasible, but in practice the 

 stand is pure. 



Age : Strictly even aged. 



Rotation: A definite age is adhered to. 



Cutting : The entire stand is cut clear. 



Reproduction: By sowing seed (even cones) or by planting 

 young trees 2-5 years old, raised in nurseries ; costs $5 -$20 per acre, 

 and normally succeeds perfectly. 



Result : An even age, usually pure stand. 



Advantage : Land does not lie idle for years, waiting for nature 

 to seed it ; if five-year transplants are used there is a gain of at least 

 several years over seeding from the side, and this may mean as 

 much as $I5~$2O per acre. Logging is cheap; in many localities in 

 Germany the money saved by not having to skid logs and wood to 

 the roadway (the common way) will suffice to plant the area 3-5 



