102 FOREST REGULATION 



3.' Appalachian Mountain Region from Pennsylvania South. 

 Low mountain region, mild climate, at lower elevations ; great 

 variety of topography and soils ; valleys settled to farms ; rain fall 

 over 40" and steep slopes lead to much injury from erosion where 

 forest is cut clear, this injury is especially bad in the deep soil 

 districts from Virginia southward. Forests of hardwoods, generally 

 mixed with hard Pine, and farther up with Hemlock; at higher 

 altitudes and in north half of district, White Pine on, north slopes 

 of West Virginia, etc., Spruce forest. Lumbering old, and forests 

 largely cut clear in north half, in south half lumbering now at its 

 best, clear cutting the rule. Logging expensive especially in south 

 half; no snow, steep ground ; much rocky land, long ridges ; recruires 

 railway; and these are costly. Market excellent, plenty of indus- 

 tries ; large cities near, and matter chiefly one of transportation. 

 Growth and reproduction in keeping with climate, generally fair to 

 good, except on very poor soils. Rapid development of this region, 

 excellent sites and proximity to great cities call for intensive 

 methods as far as soil and topography permit. Wherever there is 

 great danger from erosion, and also on the poor, rocky sites the 

 Selection method alone is justified; Coppice in small areas serves 

 to hold soil and furnishes good timber (Chestnut and Oak). On 

 easy slopes, benches, etc., with sufficient soil, the system should be 

 suited to species, and for conifers Clear Cutting and artificial repro- 

 duction, doing away with all delay and uncertainties is justified 

 unless insects should prove too serious a menace. In this case mixed 

 forest in Selection method or Shelterwood is most efficient. 



4. Southern Pinery, Great sandy Plains with rich narrow river 

 bottoms and extensive swamps; warm climate, (cotton belt) heavy 

 rainfall, plenty of rain all through the long growing season. Growth 

 rapid, reproduction easy and safe. Forest homogeneous pure pine 

 woods. Market and transportation good now ; proximity to sea and 

 to large eastern cities, and ease of railway construction promise to 

 mike market as good as exists in any forest region. Considerable 

 agricultural development. Logging simple and cheap. Market and 

 Site call for intensive methods. Pine site generally now worth over 

 $20.00 per acre to raise timber on a 3% basis. The sandy soils call 

 for Pine in pure forest, even age stands, and justify Clear Cutting 



