CHOICE OP METHODS 103 



with artificial reproduction, and short Rotations. Plenty of rain 

 makes natural seeding in open Shelterwood stands possible in Long- 

 leaf as well as Shortleaf and Loblolly, and clear cutting with seed- 

 ing from side will probably succeed better in Loblolly and Shortleaf 

 than with any other species and in any other region in the United 

 States. 



River bottoms and swamps should be developed agriculturally. 



5. Pinery of the Lake Region. A large district of level 

 country, with numerous drivable streams, excellent transportation 

 facilities by Great Lakes and many railways. Region covered with 

 glacial drift, soils deep, generally sand, or loams and gravels. Nor- 

 way and White Pine on sands (Jack Pine on the poorest), Hard- 

 woods and Hemlock on loams and better sands of Wisconsin and 

 eastward. Swamps and lakes scattered over entire region ; swamps 

 stocked with Tamarack, some Cedar and Spruce. Winters cold and 

 snowy, spring dry, growing season short, severe spring frosts ; 

 specially dry seasons every 8-15 years have led to great forest fires. 

 Growth and reproduction fair; an 18" White Pine produced in 100 

 years ; clear cut lands dry out, "brush up" and restock with difficulty ; 

 Hemlock does not reproduce at all under these conditions. Market 

 good now, $io-$2O on stump for Pine, growing better rapidly ; log- 

 ging efficient and cheap. Market and Sites call for intensive 

 methods. Except in swamps and specially poor sands or rocky-thin- 

 soil lands Clear Cutting with artificial reproduction should restore 

 a truly valuable stand. In Hardwoods the Selection system may be 

 used as a starter, should take out the large and poor trees and leave 

 at least half the stand on the ground. On moist sites Shelterwood 

 is practical in Maple and Beech woods, but will not make the returns 

 which can be secured by a clear cut with artificial reproduction in 

 which Spruce and White Pine replace the greater part of the hard- 

 woods. Tamarack and Cedar in the swamps restock readily by 

 seeding from the side, but in larger Cedar stands a Selection method 

 is preferable as it prevents rank growth of swamp "brush." Jack 

 Pine with Clear Cutting and seeding from sides, in narrow strips 

 should be kept until these lands have recovered from the effects of 

 burning, and after that Norway Pine (also Scotch Pine) should 

 replace Jack Pine. 



