122 FOREST REGULATION* 



move cut timber through areas recently restocked with young 

 growth. 



Then also it has long been found that it is much easier to repro- 

 duce a stand of timber, whether by natural or artificial reproduction, 

 if the area to be covered is small and surrounded by forest. Since 

 this is largely a matter of drying winds, it is most important in dry 

 and windy situations and districts (Lake Region, Rocky Mountains, 

 etc.). This matter has become a principle in Silviculture. Good 

 Silviculture calls for small cutting areas, and these properly re- 

 stocked before cut of timber proceeds. 



9. To bring this about, one of the principal efforts in Regula- 

 tion is to direct the cut of the forest in such sequence or order as 

 to enable the forester to have : 



a. Small Cutting Areas. 



b. Many separate tracts at any one time where ripe timber can 

 be removed; i. e., many points of attack. 



c. No large area covered with timber of one age and in such 

 condition that he can not cut any portion without serious danger to 

 the rest, or surrounding timber. 



d. To have the cut proceed against the wind and so avoid 

 danger from windfall. 



e. Avoid large areas of young stands (especially important in 

 conifers on account of fire). 



10. To enable the forester to plan and cut timber in proper order 

 and direction, to enable him to get at every stand whenever it is in 

 need of cutting and reproduction, is fundamental in all methods 

 where the forest cover is entirely removed at times. 



IT. Cutting Series (Germ. Hiebszug). To do this, however, 

 the forest needs a proper 'division beyond mere land-division into 

 lots described before. It is necessary to divide the forest into a 

 number of small independent parts, each separated from its neigh- 

 bors by a broad line and each surrounded by a satisfactory forest 

 border. These independent parts are the Cutting Series. 



12. Centuries ago when there was either Coppice, Standard 

 Coppice or Selection forest there was no demand for this division 

 into Cutting Series, but with development, especially of the Clear 

 Cut and plant method, it became a silvicultural necessity. 



