130 KOREST REGULATION 



d. Growth offset by decay, the forest in a condition of equili- 

 brium (just as in a well regulated condition). For this reason no 

 net growth on the entire area. 



e. Growing stock quite large but not in keeping with the long 

 (natural) rotation and excellent site. From measurements made it 

 is clear that on areas of .300 acres and more the growing stock up to 

 200 years old was frequently much less than could be produced by 

 healthy stands half that age. 



In forests of Lodge Pole, Western Yellow Pine, Norway Pine, 

 Tamarack, Longleaf Pine, where even aged stands prevail the condi- 

 tions on a property, even of 50,000 acres do not "even up", and we 

 may and commonly do have : 



a. Rotation, quite uniform, and equal to average life of the 

 tree, over 200 years. 



b. Age classes on separate areas, not generally mixed, with 

 some classes wanting. These, according to studies thus far made 

 most commonly the middle sizes or large poles, (mere accident). 

 Classes prevailing are mature or old stands, so much so that the 

 statement has been made that the forest is made up of all old, i. e., 

 even age mature stands, which, of course is not true for large 

 properties. 



c. Growth over large areas often very small, due to dry, poor 

 or cold sites, to prevalence of old broken stands and large per cent 

 of bare ground. 



d. Growth and decay do not balance even on large tracts ; in 

 some cases decay over balances growth, while in others considerable 

 net growth exists, and only a complete study determines the true 

 status. 



e. Growing stock rarely large, commonly smaller than a pro- 

 perly stocked and regulated forest would have at half the natural 

 rotation. 



In forests of tolerants, such as Spruce, Hemlock and Balsam 

 the conditions resemble more those stated for mixed hardwoods. 

 But in keeping with the simple composition (one species often) the 

 condition is intermediate. In all cases some reproduction sets in as 

 soon as the stand begins to open or break, but quite commonly it 

 leads to rather even aged, more than many-aged stands and in this 

 respect approaches the condition of pure stands of pine. 



