MirniODS OF REGULATION 131 



On most of the large properties several types of forest are 

 represented. In the Great Lakes Region pinery there is rarely an 

 entire township without some swamp forests and hardwoods or 

 hardwood and pine mixed stands. Naturally each of these presents 

 its own regularities of rotation, age classes, etc., and needs to be 

 considered separately. ^ 



II. Methods of Regulation of the Cut. 



A. General Consideration and Classification. 



1. Plan of Regulation of the Cut involves two distinct tasks: 



a. Regulation for Regularity of Age Classes, and with this of 

 Regularity in Amount of timber cut, i. e., for a forest in which there 

 is always a proper amour)*" of young, middle age and old timber, in 

 which, therefore, the different age classes, 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, etc., 

 year old stuff occupy about equal (or equivalent) areas of land, and 

 supply a yearly cut of about the same Volume and Value. 



b. Regulation for Proper Distribution of Age Classes in the 

 Forest (Hiebsordnung, of the German) i. e., for a forest in which 

 stands of young stuff, poles, and older timber are not in large, un- 

 wieldly bodies, made up of stuff of about the same age, but are in 

 small stands regularly mixed, judiciously arranged to enable good 

 Silviculture, effective Protection, and convenient Utilization. In the 

 Selection forest mixture of Age classes is by smallest possible areas 

 and represents really the greatest refinement in this direction. 



2. Where forestry is once well under way and where even age 

 stands are to be grown on large properties, the second of these tasks, 

 proper Distribution of stands is more important, and practically 

 reduces the first, Regulation for Age Classes to a very simple 

 operation. 



Regulation for a Proper Distribution of Age Classes depends on 

 a suitable division of the forest into permanent Lots and into Cut- 

 ting Series, and once the forest is properly divided and the Cutting 

 Series developed, further Regulation of the Cut is largely assured. 

 But this Regulation for Proper Distribution of Age. Classes must 

 be worked out for each forest right on the ground. The book and 



