160 FOREST REGULATION 



for want of better silviculture, but also from a lack of orderly cut- 

 ting. Whether hardwood in selection forest, coppice, or clear cut 

 and planting, perhaps the three simplest and best methods for or- 

 dinary case, such a woodlot is bound to gain in value by some 

 regulation. In our ordinary hardwood lot, the method is usually a 

 mixture of coppice and selection, but the common way of cutting is 

 to overcut at the edges, and neglect to cut the interior, so that most 

 of them appear like half cleared pastures along their border, devoid 

 of protection against wind and sun, while at the interior there remain 

 old, large crowned, usually defective trees which should have been 

 removed long ago. For this reason growth in these lots is small, in 

 spite of good quality of site, and it is small in quality as well as 

 volume. 



Simple regulation by fixed yearly cut, with each year's cut 

 marked by posts is satisfactory, and will, if properly followed lead 

 to better and larger growth and assure a yearly cut of value. A 

 forty acre lot. in selection method might well be divided into ten 

 four acre lots, one lot to be cut over each year. The amount to 

 take out should, ordinarily, not exceed one-fourth of the total 

 volume. If it is estimated that the woodlot has thirty-six cords of 

 material per acre, all told, then the cut should take about nine cords 

 of this. This nine cords should be made up of old, ripe stuff and 

 defective material. If there is quite a large amount of this old and 

 defective stuff, it is better to take a smaller area, cut heavier and 

 plant up all openings made by removal of the old stuff. 



2. Regulation in the Large Selection Forest. 



a. In Level Country. The assumption here is a forest like 

 those of the Great Lakes Country with market for everything, and 

 simple winter, snow and ice-road logging. 



Here also a simple Fixed Yearly Cut Regulation will prove 

 perfectly satisfactory. The areas in such a case need not be marked 

 on the gound, it is sufficient to indicate each year's cut on a map or 

 plat showing the property, and this cut may very well follow present 

 logging ways of cutting by forties. A volume check is needed, and 

 if a twenty year return and 120 year rotation is decided upon, about 

 30% of the volume of the growing stock may be taken. In such a 

 case, the first cutting over of the property should not adhere too 

 rigidly to the volume check, but leave quite as much freedom to 



