1 62 FOREST REGULATION 



business, is to cut it over in the manner outlined above and plant 

 some Spruce and White Pine into the open spots each spring and 

 merely add to the valuable stuff, rather than destroy and replace it. 

 On areas where old defective stands cover practically all the ground, 

 and where little of value is left after logging, the land should at 

 once be planted to better species. With change later on, from 

 Selection to Clear Cut, Regulation should change from Fixed Cut 

 to Area Allotment. 



b. Regulation in Large Selection Forest in Mountains. In 

 forests like those of the White Mountains, Maine and the Appa- 

 lachians, logging normally starts in the lower valleys and proceeds 

 up the valley and its branches. In this way the point of beginning 

 and the order of progress are prescribed by topography. Usually, 

 too, the rate of progress is not altogether arbitrary, and in cases 

 where the timber must be driven on small streams, it is distinctly 

 limited. 



This situation is often complicated by the fact that only conifers 

 can be marketed, as in the northeast or only part of the hardwoods, 

 as in the southern mountains, etc. 



Example : area 30,000 acres ; forest of spruce, more or less 

 mixed with hardwoods, the latter not yet marketable ; method : 

 selection with a rotation about 120 years, indicated by a thrifty ten 

 inch tree. In this case good silviculture must endure, at least for 

 the present, a very unsatisfactory situation and cut the species to 

 be favored, and leave the very species to be restricted in possession 

 of the ground. Good regulation, too, is .violated, since more than 

 50% of what is ripe and in need of cutting must be left on the 

 ground for lack of market or rather of roads. 



In cases of this kind ordinary logging methods select each year 

 the area to be logged, develop on this area the necessary roads and 

 go ahead. It is a fixed yearly cut without a plan for the future. 

 Regulation here needs only to improve on this method, long fol- 

 lowed, prepare a proper set of reliable maps, select "fixed yearly 

 cuts" on the map first and in the field afterward, and plan these cuts 

 for the entire property. In all likelihood this plan would need 

 modification for the first and second going over the property, but it 

 would certainly be a great step toward an. orderly development of 

 this property to have at the office reliable maps and a definite well 



