178 FOREST REGULATION 



maintenance and improvement of this "range and can properly be 

 held responsible. 



The General Grazing Plan requires at least a preliminary ex- 

 amination of property and usually is based itself on the conditions 

 met with as they have existed for years past. A reliable determina- 

 tion of carrying capacity is difficult, and requires thorough scientific 

 training ; all efforts in this direction by the stockman have furnished 

 no results, his practice has led to devastation and general reduction 

 of range capacity. 



3. Resin industry, or "Naval Stores Industry". This is re- 

 stricted in the United States to the Southern Pinery, and primarily 

 to the forests of Longleaf Pine. Practice in the past has been to 

 "tap" or "bleed" for three or four years, usually with the expecta- 

 tion of logging the timber as soon thereafter as possible. A change 

 from the destructive "boxing" to the "cup" method, permits of 

 greater adaptation and a prolonged use of the tree for this purpose. 



The future of this industry depends on cost of labor and the 

 value of the resin products, chiefly turpentine, and this in turn on the 

 possibility or probability of development of substitutes for turpen- 

 tine and rosin. Assuming the value of resin to continue the question 

 for the General Plan is first : should the forester develop special 

 stands of timber with resin as the important product, or shall resin 

 remain merely a biproduct in ordinary forestry? Again, should 

 bleeding be restricted to mature stuff and be continued only for a 

 few years, or should the stands be specially started (wide spacing) 

 and heavily thinned to enable use of part of the thinnings, and also 

 permit of a prolonged use of the mature stand for bleeding, by 

 proper care and rotation ? 



In regulation, in development of proper age classes and 

 especially in distribution of age classes, or proper mixing of old 

 and young stands over the property and then also in establishment 

 of independent woods or cutting series, the resin industry needs 

 consideration, for stands of timber in process of tapping are in an 

 unsafe condition and a menace to surrounding timber on account of 

 fire as well as insects, notably bark beetles. Regulation should 

 keep each stand in such a condition that, in case of trouble, it may 

 at once be removed and trouble checked with the least danger to the 

 surrounding- stands. 



