ANTHRAX. 141 



QUESTIONS. 



What are the synonyms for the bacillus of glanders? 



What are the symptoms of glanders in the horse? 



By whom and when was this bacillus discovered? 



Describe the bacillus. 



Does it contain spores? 



Give reasons for and against its spore-formation. 



What are its cultural peculiarities, if any, on agar, on gelatin, on potato, 

 on blood-serum, in bouillon, in litmus milk ? 



Give a method of staining the glanders bacillus in tissue. 



Give the method of inoculation of a guinea-pig, and the prominent 

 symptoms. 



How long does the animal live ? 



Give Strauss' method of inoculation for diagnosis. 



What is mallein ? How is it obtained ? What are its uses? Does it pro- 

 tect from glanders ? 



CHAPTEE XIV. 



ANTHRAX. 

 Bacillus Anthracis. 



History. The Bacillus anthracisj discovered and described 

 by Davaine, in 1868, is the first bacillus that was demon- 

 strated to be pathogenic to man and animals. 



It is found in the blood and tissues of animals which have 

 died of this disease, which is known as splenic fever, and 

 charbon. 



It produces in these animals a genuine septicaemia, the 

 capillaries all over the body teeming with the microorganisms. 



No bacteria have more than the Bacillus anthracis helped 

 to establish the three postulates of Koch used in testing the 

 pathogenicity of bacteria. These postulates are as follows : 



I. For a microorganism to be considered the cause of a dis- 

 ease, it must at all times be found in the organs, blood, or 

 secretions of an animal dead or affected with the disease. 



II. It must be possible to isolate this organism and obtain 

 it in pure cultures from the same sources. It may also be 

 grown for several generations in artificial culture-media. 



III. Inoculation of these pure cultures into susceptible animals 



