146 DIPHTHERIA AND PSEUDOD1PHTHERIA. 



mer. Consequently the bacilli developed in the dead bodies 

 so buried, both on account of the low temperature of the soil 

 and of the deprivation of oxygen, will not form spores, and 

 are not likely, therefore, to survive for any length of time. 



There are a few bacilli which resemble the anthrax bacilli, 

 most prominent among which is the B. mbtilis (hay bacillus). 

 Its morphology and staining characteristics are almost identi- 

 cal with B. anthracis. It is non-pathogenic and found 

 wherever there is decaying vegetable matter. 



QUESTIONS. 



Where and by whom was the Bacillus anthracis first discovered ? 



What are the three postulates of Koch ? 



Describe the anthrax bacillus ? 



How does it stain ? 



How does it appear in the blood of animals? How in culture-media ? 



When does it form spores ? 



How does it grow on gelatin ? How on agar ? How on potato ? 



At what temperature does it grow ? 



When does it cease to form spores? 



Are spores found in the animal body ? 



How resistant are the spores ? 



In what four ways are animals injected? 



How are animals inoculated ? 



Describe the lesions found in animals after subcutaneous inoculation ? 



How are cultures attenuated to prepare the anthrax vaccine? 



What is vaccine No. 1 ? Vaccine No. 2 ? 



How is protecting vaccination practised ? 



What precautions should be taken in the burial of animals dead of anthrax ? 



Describe the hay bacillus. Where found? 



CHAPTEE XV. 



DIPHTHERIA AND PSEUDODIPHTHERIA. 



DIPHTHERIA. 

 Bacillus Diphtherias. 



History. The infectious nature of diphtheria had been sus- 

 pected for a long time when Klebs in 1883, and later Loeffler 

 in 1884, discovered and accurately described in the false 

 membranes of diphtheritic patients the presence of a micro- 



