lymphatic temperament into scrophula*. In the scropliulous constitu- 

 tion, there is, at once, activity of the absorbing mouths, great facility of 

 absorption, inertness of the vessels and lymphatic glands, weakness of the 

 absorbents, and consequently a thickening and stagnation of the liquids 

 absorbed. The same thing is seen in the lymphatic temperament, cha- 

 racterized by the activity of the inhaling mouths, and the debility of the 

 lymphatic system, as Professor Cabanis was awaref, when he refuted the 

 opinion of those who ascribe the lymphatic temperament to the excess of 

 activity in the absorbent system, though the only part of this system re- 

 ally quickened, is that which immediately performs absorption, whilst 

 the rest is in a state of perfect atony. 



CCXXXVIL Varieties of the human species. The power of producing, 

 by copulation, individuals which are alike, is considered by naturalists as 

 the most certain test for fixing the species in red and warm-blooded ani- 

 mals. This power of self-perpetuation, by a constant succession of simi- 

 lar beings, is found in all the races composing the human species, how- 

 ever different in colour,. structure, and manner of life. Men, then, are 

 but one species, and the difference that appears in them, according to the 

 region of the globe they inhabit, can only constitute varietes or races. I 

 admit, with Mr. Lacepede, the worthy continuator of Buffbn four principal 

 races of the human species, which I shall call, like him, the European Arab, 

 the Mogul, the Negro, and the Hyperborean. We might add a fifth, of the 

 American, were it not most probable, that the new Continent is peopled 

 by inhabitants, who, coming from the old, either by land in the austral 

 hemisphere, or along the immense Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean, 

 have been altered by the influence of that climate, and the yet virgin soil, 

 so that they are to be regarded less as a distinct race than a simple va- 

 rietyj. 



There is, in truth, this difference between varieties and races, that, in 

 these last, there are implied modifications more profound, more essential 

 differences, changes not confined to the surface, but extending to the very 

 structure of the body ; whereas, to make a variety, nothing more is need- 

 ed, than the superficial influence of climate on the integuments which it 

 colours, and on the hairs which it makes longer or shorter, lank or curl- 

 ed, hard or soft. An Abyssinian, scorched by the heat of an almost tro- 

 pical sky, is as black as the negro under the equator? yet they are by no 

 means of one race, since the Abyssinian, a negro only in colour, resem- 

 bles the European in the cast of his face, and the proportions of all his 

 parts. 



The characteristics of the European Arab race, which takes in the in- 

 habitants, not of Europe only, but of Egypt also, Arabia, Syria, Barbary, 

 and Ethiopia, are an oval, or almost oval face, in the vertical direction, a 

 long nose, a prominent skull, long and commonly lank hair, a skin more 

 or less white. These fundamental characteristics are no where more 

 decided than in the north of Europe- The inhabitants of Sweden, 

 Finland, and Poland, give the prototype of the race: their .stature is tall, 



* See Nosographie C/iirurgical, tome I. for the history of scrophulous ulcers, from 

 which this paragraph is taken entire. The author, in that work, has aimed at introdu- 

 cing 1 physiology into surgery, till then exclusively abandoned to explanations of the 

 grossest mechanism. Jiutho^s Note. 



| Of the relations of the physical and moral man, by G. Cabanis, Senator, Professor 

 in the Scnool of Medicine in Paris, .c. 



* See APPENDIX, Note L L. 



