OF BONES AND TEETH, & 



Fourcroy and Vauquelin could not discover the fluate of calcium either in the enamel of 

 the teetli or in recent ivory. 



Boiling water extracts slowly the cartilage of bone in the form of gelatine. Cold hydro- 

 chloric acid dissolves the salts which have lime for their base, leaving nearly altogether 

 untouched the whole of the cartilage. Ammonia precipitates the phosphate of lime from 

 its solution in warm hydrochloric acid : the phosphate of lime, however, thus obtained, is 

 accompanied with a considerable proportion of gelatine. Bones, submitted to dry distilla- 

 tion, give gelatine, and, as a residue the carbon of bones, which is a compound of animal 

 charcoal and the salts, with potash for their base: exposed to the air, the charcoal of bones 

 passes into the state of ashes. 



Tophus, found in the articulations of the arm, consists of animal matter, with traces of 

 adipocire, 56.2 ; carbonate, phosphate, and hydrochlorate of potash, 3.2 : carbonate of 

 lime, with traces of the carbonate of magnesia, 12.5 ; phosphate of lime, 28.1. Another 

 specimen contained animal matter, with unctuous and fatty matter, and a little soda, 73.0 ; 

 carbonate of lime, 10 ; phosphate of lime, 17. (John Ecrits Chim. v. 104.) 



The concretions found in persons subject to the gout are composed of the urate of am- 

 monia. (Wallaston.) 



The marrow of bones. The medulla of the cylindrical bones of the bullock contain 

 membranes and vessels, 1 ; fat, 96 ; a reddish serum, 3. 



The medulla of the lower part of the radius, and of the tibia, contains a very liquid fat, 

 and neither coloured vessels nor membranes. 



The diploe of the extremities of the long bones contain fatty matter and a reddish se- 

 fum, in very variable proportions. 



The rertebras of the dorsal column contain a deep brown serum, partly concrete, soluble 

 in water, and rarely a trace of fat. (Bcrzelius, JVbuv. Journ. de Gehl. ii. 287.) 



The. cartilages dissolve in water kept for a considerable time at the boiling point, and 

 form a gelly. 



The SYNOVIA of the human subject consists of, a yellowish fat, albumen, which consti- 

 tutes its chief ingredient, an uncoagulable animal matter, soda, chlorate of potassium and 

 of sodium ; and the ashes furnish carbonate and phosphate of lime. (Lassaigne and Bois- 

 sel, Journ. de Pharm. viii. 306.) 



The synovia of the articulations of the knees of a man was found to consist of a floccu- 

 lent substance, which coagulated at the temperature of boiling water, and was precipitated 

 by the chlorate of mercury. (Bostock.} 



Qout appears to change, in some degree, the secretion in the joints affected. Dr. Wol- 

 laston, Dr. Pearson, and Mr. Tennant, found the chalk stones formed in this disease com- 

 posed of urate of soda. Fourcroy has confirmed this analysis ; he therefore conjectures 

 that synovia contains uric acid. (Four. ix. 224.) 



Synovia of a horse. A. From an articulation which was in a healthy state : soluble al- 

 bumen 6.4 ; animal matter, which did not become concreate, with the carbonate and the 

 hydrochlorate of soda, O.G ; phosphate of lime, 0.15 ; traces of an ammonial salt, and of 

 phosphate of soda ; water 9.23. B. From a joint ar.chylosed in consequence of a wound \ 



