^5 APPENDIX. 



insoluble, fibrous albumen ; soluble albumen ; free phosphoric acid ; the same salts as men* 

 tioned above. (John Ecrits Chim. vi. 146.) 



Synovia of an elephant: reddish, filmentous, of a slightly saline and insipid taste ; when 

 warmed or heated by mineral acids it coagulated. It contained a soluble albumen of ani- 

 mal matter precipitated by tannin, and which did not become concrete, in a small quanti- 

 ty ; soda and hydrochlorate of potash. ( Vauquclin, Ann. de Chim. et de Phys. vi. 399.) 



The periosteum approaches the chemical properties of cartilage, and yields a small pro- 

 portion of gelatine. 



The ligaments resist for a very long time the action of boiling water, but dissolve at 

 last, in part, fike gelatine; 



The membranes, as the serous (the pia^mater, arachnoid, pericardium, pleura, peritone- 

 um, &c.) and the skin, dissolve in boiling water, and pass to the state of gelatine. 



INTEGUMENT, Cutis vera formed of fibres interwoven like a felt. It yields little gela- 

 tin, on maceration in cold water : by long boiling in water it becomes gelatinous, and dis- 

 solves completely, and by evaporation it becomes glue. Hence it appears to be a peculiar 

 modification of gelatin. By tannin, and the extractive of oak bark combining with it, lea- 

 ther is formed. 



Rete mucosum " is a mucous membrane, situated between the cutis vera and the epi- 

 dermis. The black colour of negroes is said to depend upon a black pigment situated in 

 this substance ; but it seems to us to be situated in the inner or flocculent surface of the 

 epidermis. Chlorine deprives it of its black colour, and renders it yellow. A negro, by 

 keeping his foot for some time in water impregnated with that gas, deprived it of its colour, 

 and rendered it nearly white ; but in a few days the black colour returned again with its 

 former intensity. (Fonrcroy, ix. p. 259.) This experiment was first made by Dr. Beddoes 

 on the fingers of a negro." (Beddoes on Factitious Airs, p. 45.) 



The epidermis possesses the same properties as horn. The internal surface of the epi- 

 ilermis seems- to be the seat of the black colour of the negro, and not the rete mucosum. 

 The human epidermis consists of fatty matter, 0.5 ; animal matter soluble in water, 5.0 ; 

 concrete albumen, 93 to 95 ; lactic acid, lactate, phosphate, and hydrochlorate of potash, 

 sulphate, and phosphate of lime, an ammonical salt, and traces of iron, 1. (John Ecrits 

 Chim. vi. 92.) The nails of the fingers and toes present an analogous constitution. 



HUMAN HAIR may be regarded as fine tubes of a substance similar in all its properties 

 to horn, covered by a white adipocire, (probably furnished by the sebaceous glands of the 

 scalp) and filled with an oily matter, which is either of a greenish black colour, red, yel- 

 low, or nearly colourless, according as the hair is black, red, yellow, or white. The ashes 

 of human hair is composed of the hydrochlorate of soda ; of the carbonate, sulphate, and 

 phosphate of lime, (and the phosphate of magnesia in that which is white) a considerable 

 portion of silicia, oxide of iron in a very marked proportion in black hair, but scarcely to 

 be recognised in that which is white; and a very small quantity of the oxide of manganese. 



The sulphur, which is undoubtedly combined in the organization of the corneous or horny 

 substance, is found more abundantly in the red and light coloured hair, than in the black. 



The MUSCULAR FLESH. The muscular substance is probably composed of very little 

 more than fibrine, traversed by cellular tissue containing fat, by the aponeuroses and ten- 

 dons, by vessels containing blood, by lymphatics containing lymph, and by nerves. It is, 

 however, very probable that osmazome, lactic acid, the hydrochlorate and phosphate of 

 soda, and the phosphate of lime, particularly belong to muscular flesh, although they are 

 also found in the blood. Cold water extracts of the muscular substances the red colouring 

 matter of the blood, the albumen, the osmazome, and the salts of the blood : boiling water 

 takes up the cellular tissue reduced to gelatine, and the fat which swims on its surface; the 

 residuum consists of fibrine, a little altered by the boiling, and which yields the phosphate 

 of lime by incineration. The muscular substance of beef gives, by incineration, more lime 

 than that of veal. ( Hatchett. ) 



According to Berzelius, the muscular texture contains: fibrine, vessels, and nerves, 15.S; 

 cellular substance, 1.9 ; albumen, 2.2 ; osmazome, with the lactate and hydrochlorate of 

 soda, 1.8 ; mucous matter, 0.15 ; phosphate of soda, 0.9 ; phosphate of lime, containing a 

 portion of albumen, 0.08 ; water and loss, 77.17. 



Bullock's heart. Osmazome, 7.57; albumen and cruor, 2.76; fibrine with vessels, nerves, 

 cellular tissue, fat, and phosphate of lime, 18.19 ; an ammonical salt and a free acid in an 

 indeterminate quantity ; lactate of potash, 0.19 ; phosphate of potash, 0.15 ; c.hloruret of 

 potassium, 0.12 ; water, 77.04. (Bracounot Jinn de Chim. et de Phys. xvii. 388.) 



An ossification found in the human heart. It contained a cartilaginous matter and phos- 

 phate of lime in nearly equal proportions, with a little carbonate of lime. (John Ecrits 

 Chim. 5. 159.) 



An ossification found in the veins of the human uterus: membranous substance and phos- 

 phate of lime, in nearly equal quantities, with a little of the carbonate of lime and traces 

 of the hydrochlorates. (John, ibid. v. 126.) 



