I 9 4 BACKBONED ANIMALS, 



alike and opposite each other, the caudal fin seemingly a 

 mere projective rim of the entire hinder part of the body. 

 Powerful muscles lead into it, but it is probably of little 

 use in locomotion. 



Specimens for Study. The habits and exterior parts of 

 fishes can be studied from minnows, sunfish, stickle- 

 backs, etc., kept in an aquarium or a glass vessel of any 

 kind provided with aquatic plants to aerate the water. 

 Dissections of small specimens are best made in a dish 

 under water, when each part shown in Fig. 194 should be 

 determined. With a delicate knife, the various organs can 

 be exposed, as the brain, nostrils, ears, etc. In preparing 

 a first skeleton, boil the fish, and reconstruct the skeleton 

 as well as possible by (Fig. 193) marking all the parts and 

 observing their relations one to another. In studying the 

 circulation, inject into the veins some colored fluid, as ver- 

 milion. It is extremely important to make a drawing of 

 the fish or its parts. 



Works on Fishes for further reference. 



"Challenger Reports"; " Game-Fishes of the United States," 

 Killbourne text, by G. Brown Goode ; "American Fauna," by J. 

 B. Holder, M. D. ; " Fishes of Massachusetts," Storer ; Goode and 

 Bean, " List of Fishes of Massachusetts Bay and Adjacent Waters," in 

 " Bulletin of the Essex Institute," vol. ii ; " Reports of the United 

 States Commissioner of Fisheries and Various State Commissioners " ; 

 "Skates' Eggs and Young," F. W. Putnam, "American Naturalist," 

 vol. iii, p. 617 ; " Gar-Pikes, Old and Young," B. G. Wilder, " Popular 

 Science Monthly," vol. ii ; " Respiration of Amia," B. G. Wilder, 

 " Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science," 1877, also in " Popular Science Monthly " ; " Blind Fishes 

 of the Mammoth Cave," " American Naturalist," vol. vi, p. 6, and 

 "Report of Peabody Academy of Science," 1871 ; " List of Fresh- 

 Water Fishes of North America," D. S. Jordan, " Bulletin of the Buf- 

 falo Academy of Natural Science," vol. iii ; " Introduction to the Study 

 of Fishes," Gunther; "Development of Osseous Fishes," Agassiz, 

 " Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences," vol 

 xiv ; and the works of Brehrn, Wood, and Cassell. 



