366 BACKBONED ANIMALS. 



fleshy, and an expansion of soft parts due to not wearing 

 shoes. 



2. Those with smooth hair, Leiotrichi, are divided into 

 four groups upon a similar plan : i. The Australoid group, 

 comprising the low Bushmen, in which the height averages 

 four feet seven inches, and the legs less than half the height 

 of the body. The hair, eyes, and skin are dark, the hair 

 wavy. The skull is long, and the brow-ridges extremely 

 prominent. The inhabitants of the Deccan belong here, 

 and from them have sprung, in the estimation of Pro- 

 fessor Huxley, the ancient Egyptians. The habits of the 

 Bushmen are more like those of the lower primates than 

 men. 2. The Mongoloid group. Herein are included the 

 Chinese and Japanese (Fig. 382, 5), Mongols, people of 

 Thibet, the Polynesians, Micronesians, and the American 

 tribes (Fig. 382, 6). The Patagonians are the tallest peo- 

 ple known, averaging six feet, the women five feet ten 

 inches, while the Esquimaux and the Bushmen are the 

 smallest, averaging four feet seven inches. Three hun- 

 dred and ninety-one years ago nearly the entire conti- 

 nent of America was peopled with powerful native Indian 

 tribes, that have been gradually driven to the West, 944 

 individuals only being found now in the New England 

 States, 303,217* in the United States, and 103,969 in 

 the British possessions, 407,217 in all, in North America, 

 speaking about four hundred and thirty distinct lan- 

 guages. Their ultimate extinction or loss of individual- 

 ity is merely a matter of time. Among the typical tribes 

 the Pueblos of the Southwest, the Thlinkeets f of the 

 Northwest, the Utes, or Colorado Indians (Fig. 383), are 

 prominent. All of this group have straight hair. The 

 North American Indians have a reddish skin, the Chinese 

 yellow, while the Polynesians are dark brown. 



* Report of 1880. 



f In early days the process of flattening the head was common 

 throughout North and South America. 



